Objective: This study aims to investigate the correlation between vascular endothelium-dependent diastolic function (FMD) and the degree of coronary artery disease (CAD), plaque vulnerability, and its predictive value for cardiovascular events.
Methods: Initially, patients (n=100) who were admitted from January 2020 to January 2021 and intended to undergo percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were selected. Further, FMD in all patients was determined before the procedure and divided into a high-FMD group (≥ 4.2%) and a low-FMD group (< 4.2%). Further, the data of two groups, including general information, coronary artery lesions, and plaque fibrous cap, were compared. Finally, the relationship between FMD and the degree of coronary artery lesions and plaque vulnerability was analyzed.
Results: No significant differences were observed concerning general information, number of coronary arteries-associated branches, lesion type, involvement of the left main stem (LM), the proportion of chronic occluded lesions (CTO), and lipid pool angle between the low-FMD group and the high-FMD group (P > 0.05). Nevertheless, the degree of stenosis of the lesions in the low-FMD group was significantly higher than in the high-FMD group (P < 0.05). In addition, the thickness of the fibrous cap was considerably lower than that in the high-FMD group (P < 0.05). Moreover, the incidence rate of TCFA was significantly higher than the high-FMD group (P < 0.05). The correlation analysis showed that FMD was significantly negatively correlated with the degree of coronary artery lesion stenosis and TCFA (P < 0.05) and positively correlated with the fibrous cap thickness (P < 0.05).
Conclusion: Overall, a negative correlation between FMD and the degree of coronary stenosis, plaque vulnerability, and a high predictive value for post-PCI cardiovascular events suggested that FMD could be a critical diagnostic marker for CAD.

Keywords: coronary heart disease, endothelium-dependent diastolic function, lesion extent, plaque vulnerability, predictive value


中文翻译：

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预测内皮依赖性舒张功能 (FMD) 及其与冠状动脉疾病 (CAD) 程度和心血管事件斑块脆弱性的相关性

目的：本研究旨在探讨血管内皮依赖性舒张功能（FMD）与冠状动脉疾病（CAD）程度、斑块易损性的相关性及其对心血管事件的预测价值。
方法：最初选择2020年1月至2021年1月入院且拟接受经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）的患者（n=100）。此外，所有患者术前均测定FMD，并将其分为高FMD组（≥4.2%）和低FMD组（<4.2%）。进一步比较两组的一般资料、冠状动脉病变情况、斑块纤维帽等数据。最后分析FMD与冠状动脉病变程度及斑块易损性的关系。
结果：一般信息、冠状动脉相关分支的数量、病变类型、左主干（LM）受累、慢性闭塞病变（CTO）的比例以及低位和低位之间的脂质池角度没有观察到显着差异。 FMD组与高FMD组（P>0.05）。但低FMD组病灶狭窄程度明显高于高FMD组（P < 0.05）。此外，纤维帽的厚度明显低于高FMD组（P < 0.05）。而且TCFA的发生率显着高于高FMD组（P < 0.05）。相关分析显示，FMD与冠状动脉病变狭窄程度、TCFA呈显着负相关（P < 0.05），与纤维帽厚度呈显着正相关（P < 0.05）。
结论：总体而言，FMD 与冠状动脉狭窄程度、斑块易损性之间呈负相关，并且对 PCI 后心血管事件具有较高的预测价值，表明 FMD 可能是 CAD 的关键诊断标志物。

关键词:冠心病, 内皮依赖性舒张功能, 病变范围, 斑块易损性, 预测价值