Numerous pesticides pose a threat to aquatic ecosystems, jeopardizing aquatic animal species and impacting human health. While the contamination of aquatic environment by flutolanil and its adverse effects on animal in the treatment of rich sheath blight have been reported, the neuro-visual effects of flutolanil at environmentally relevant concentrations remain unknown. In this study, we administered flutolanil to zebrafish embryos (0, 0.125, 0.50 and 2.0 mg/L) for 4 days to investigate its impact on the neuro and visual system. The results revealed that flutolanil induced abnormal behavior in larvae, affecting locomotor activity, stimuli response and phototactic response. Additionally, it led to defective brain and ocular development and differentiation. The disruption extended to the neurological system and visual phototransduction of larvae, evidenced by significant disturbances in genes and proteins related to neurodevelopment, neurotransmission, eye development, and visual function. Untargeted metabolomics analysis revealed that the GABAergic signaling pathway and increased levels of glutamine, glutamate, andγ-aminobutyric acid were implicated in the response to neuro and visual system injury induced by flutolanil, contributing to aberrant development, behavioral issues, and endocrine disruption. This study highlights the neuro-visual injury caused by flutolanil in aquatic environment, offering fresh insights into the mechanisms underlying image and non-image effects.

中文翻译：

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暴露于环境相关浓度的氟酰胺可通过神经和视觉干扰导致斑马鱼幼虫的图像和非图像形成失败

许多农药对水生生态系统构成威胁，危害水生动物物种并影响人类健康。虽然氟酰胺对水生环境的污染及其在治疗富纹枯病时对动物的不利影响已有报道，但氟酰胺在环境相关浓度下的神经视觉影响仍然未知。在这项研究中，我们向斑马鱼胚胎施用氟酰胺（0、0.125、0.50 和 2.0 mg/L）4 天，以研究其对神经和视觉系统的影响。结果表明，氟酰胺会诱导幼虫行为异常，影响运动活动、刺激反应和趋光反应。此外，它还导致大脑和眼睛的发育和分化有缺陷。这种破坏延伸到了幼虫的神经系统和视觉光转导，与神经发育、神经传递、眼睛发育和视觉功能相关的基因和蛋白质的显着紊乱证明了这一点。非靶向代谢组学分析表明，GABA 信号通路和谷氨酰胺、谷氨酸和 γ-氨基丁酸水平升高与氟酰胺诱导的神经和视觉系统损伤的反应有关，导致异常发育、行为问题和内分泌干扰。这项研究强调了氟酰胺在水生环境中引起的神经视觉损伤，为图像和非图像效应的机制提供了新的见解。