Novel combination strategies of nanomaterials (NMs) and plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) may facilitate soil remediation and plant growth. However, the efficiency of the NM-PGPB combination and interactions among NMs, PGPB, and plants are still largely unknown. We used multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and zero-valent iron (nZVI) combined with sp. PGP5 to enhance the phytoremediation efficiency of on heavy metal (HM)-contaminated soil. The NM-PGPB combination showed the best promoting effect on plant growth, which also had synergistic effects on the bioaccumulation of HMs in . The MWCNT-PGP5 combination increased the Cd, Pb, and Zn removal efficiency of by 62.03%, 69.44%, and 61.31%, respectively. The underlining causes of improved plant growth and phytoremediation by NMs-PGPB combination were further elucidated. NM application promoted PGPB survival in soil. Compared with each single application, the combined application minimized disturbance to plant transcription levels and rhizosphere microbial community, resulting in the best performance on soil remediation and plant growth. The NM-PGPB-induced changes in the microbial community and root gene expression were necessary for plant growth promotion. This work reveals the "less is more" advantage of the NM-PGPB combination in soil remediation, providing a new strategy for soil management.

中文翻译：

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少即是多：结合纳米材料和 PGPB 促进污染土壤中植物生长和植物修复的新策略

纳米材料（NM）和植物促生细菌（PGPB）的新颖组合策略可能会促进土壤修复和植物生长。然而，NM-PGPB 组合的效率以及 NM、PGPB 和植物之间的相互作用仍然很大程度上未知。我们使用多壁碳纳米管（MWCNT）和零价铁（nZVI）与sp结合。 PGP5 可提高重金属 (HM) 污染土壤的植物修复效率。 NM-PGPB组合对植物生长表现出最佳的促进作用，对HMs在体内的生物富集也具有协同作用。 MWCNT-PGP5组合使Cd、Pb和Zn的去除效率分别提高了62.03%、69.44%和61.31%。进一步阐明了 NMs-PGPB 组合改善植物生长和植物修复的根本原因。 NM的应用促进了PGPB在土壤中的存活。与单独施用相比，联合施用最大限度地减少了对植物转录水平和根际微生物群落的干扰，从而获得最佳的土壤修复和植物生长效果。 NM-PGPB 诱导的微生物群落和根基因表达的变化对于促进植物生长是必要的。这项工作揭示了NM-PGPB组合在土壤修复中“少即是多”的优势，为土壤管理提供了新的策略。