West Nile virus (WNV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus. In humans, 80% of infections are asymptomatic, while approximately 20% experience influenza-like symptoms. Fewer than 1% develop the neuroinvasive form which can lead to encephalitis, meningitis, acute flaccid paralysis, and even death. The global spread of the virus to areas where it was not previously present has become a growing concern. Since the 2000 s, there have been numerous outbreaks affecting local and travelling populations worldwide. Given the lack of a vaccine, preventative measures are primarily focused on surveillance, vector control, and the use of personal protective behaviours (PPBs). The importance of PPBs is central to public health recommendations. However, translating these messages into coherent action by the public can prove challenging, as the uptake of such measures is inevitably influenced by socio-economic factors, awareness, knowledge, and risk perception. A PRISMA-based systematic research was conducted on EMBASE, PubMed/MEDLINE, and Web of Science databases. PROSPERO registration number CRD42023459714. Quality of studies included in the final stage was evaluated using the (CEBMa). 2963 articles were screened, and 17 studies were included in the final round. Out of these, six were deemed of high quality, ten were of medium quality, and one was of low quality. In almost all studies considered, both awareness and knowledge of WNV transmission were above 90%, while concern about WNV ranged from 50% to 80%. Concern about the safety of repellents, either with or without DEET, ranged from 27% to 70%. The percentage of people actually using repellents ranged from 30% to 75%, with the lowest usage reported among individuals over 60 years old (29%) and pregnant women (33%), and the highest among students aged 9–11 (75%). Concern for West Nile Virus (WNV) was consistently linked to an increase in taking preventative measures, including the use of repellents, by two to four times across studies. The school-based intervention was effective in increasing the practice of removing standing water (AOR=4.6; 2.7–8.0) and wearing long clothing (AOR=2.4; 95%CI: 1.3–4.3), but did not have a significant impact on the use of repellents. The present systematic review provides an overview of the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of WNV and their determinants. While concern about West Nile Virus (WNV) and its effects can be a significant motivator, it is important to promote evidence-based personal protective behaviours (PPBs) to counter unwarranted fears. For example, the use of repellents among the most vulnerable age groups. Given the geographical expansion of WNV, it is necessary to target the entire population preventively, including those who are difficult to reach and areas not yet endemic. The findings of this investigation could have significant implications for public health and support well-informed and effective communication strategies and interventions.

中文翻译：

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我们是否保护自己免受西尼罗河病毒的侵害？对知识、态度和实践及其决定因素的系统回顾

西尼罗河病毒（WNV）是一种蚊媒黄病毒。在人类中，80% 的感染是无症状的，而大约 20% 的感染会出现类似流感的症状。不到 1% 的人会发展为神经侵袭性形式，可导致脑炎、脑膜炎、急性弛缓性麻痹，甚至死亡。该病毒在全球范围内传播到以前没有出现过的地区已成为人们日益关注的问题。自 2000 年代以来，爆发了多次疫情，影响了世界各地的当地和旅行人口。由于缺乏疫苗，预防措施主要集中在监测、病媒控制和个人防护行为 (PPB) 的使用上。 PPB 的重要性是公共卫生建议的核心。然而，将这些信息转化为公众一致的行动可能具有挑战性，因为这些措施的采取不可避免地受到社会经济因素、意识、知识和风险认知的影响。在 EMBASE、PubMed/MEDLINE 和 Web of Science 数据库上进行了基于 PRISMA 的系统研究。 PROSPERO 注册号 CRD42023459714。最后阶段的研究质量使用（CEBMa）进行评估。筛选了 2963 篇文章，最终纳入 17 项研究。其中，6 个被认为是高质量，10 个是中等质量，1 个是低质量。在几乎所有考虑的研究中，对西尼罗河病毒传播的认识和了解都在 90% 以上，而对西尼罗河病毒传播的担忧则在 50% 至 80% 之间。无论是否含有避蚊胺，对驱虫剂安全性的担忧范围为 27% 至 70%。实际使用驱虫剂的人数比例为 30% 至 75%，其中 60 岁以上的个人 (29%) 和孕妇 (33%) 使用率最低，9-11 岁的学生使用率最高 (75%) ）。在各项研究中，对西尼罗河病毒 (WNV) 的担忧始终与采取预防措施（包括使用驱虫剂）的增加有关，增加了两到四倍。以学校为基础的干预措施有效地增加了清除积水（AOR=4.6；2.7-8.0）和穿长衣（AOR=2.4；95%CI：1.3-4.3）的做法，但对使用驱虫剂。本系统综述概述了西尼罗河病毒的知识、态度和实践（KAP）及其决定因素。虽然对西尼罗河病毒 (WNV) 及其影响的担忧可能是一个重要的推动因素，但促进基于证据的个人防护行为 (PPB) 以消除不必要的恐惧也很重要。例如，在最脆弱的年龄组中使用驱虫剂。鉴于西尼罗河病毒的地域扩张，有必要针对整个人群进行预防，包括那些难以到达的人群和尚未流行的地区。这项调查的结果可能对公共卫生产生重大影响，并支持知情且有效的沟通策略和干预措施。