5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) is a key platform chemical that can be applied to generate varied value-added products. Herein, the sulfonated zirconium/tin Mixed-Metal metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), Sn/UiO-66-SOH catalysts were employed for catalytic conversion of biomass-derived carbohydrates (glucose, sucrose, maltose, starch, and cellulose) to 5-HMF in green deep eutectic solvents (DESs)-water based biphasic system. The Sn/UiO-66-SOH catalysts were prepared by infiltrating Sn into the UiO-66-SOH via post-synthesis modification. The synthesized catalysts were characterized by PXRD, SEM, FTIR, N adsorption–desorption analysis, XPS, ICP-OES, NH-TPD and Py-FTIR. The synergistic effect of Zr and Sn increased the total acidity and pore size of MOFs, thus promoting the catalytic performance of MOFs towards carbohydrates conversion to 5-HMF. The 24-Sn/UiO-66-SOH with impregnation of Sn for 24 h presented desired catalytic ability, which resulted in 81.5 % and 41.7 % 5-HMF yields from glucose and cellulose in DES betaine-malic acid–water/MIBK biphasic system, respectively. Moreover, the five-recycling test for 24-Sn/UiO-66-SOH demonstrated excellent reusability of the prepared catalyst. This study offered a novel sulfonated Mixed-Metal strategy on MOFs in DES betaine-malic acid–water based biphasic system for the production of 5-HMF from biomass-derived carbohydrates.

中文翻译：

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在低共熔溶剂-水基双相体系中，磺化锆/锡混合金属金属-有机框架将生物质衍生的碳水化合物转化为5-羟甲基糠醛

5-羟甲基糠醛（5-HMF）是一种关键的平台化学品，可用于产生各种增值产品。在此，磺化锆/锡混合金属金属有机框架（MOF）、Sn/UiO-66-SOH催化剂用于将生物质衍生的碳水化合物（葡萄糖、蔗糖、麦芽糖、淀粉和纤维素）催化转化为5 -绿色低共熔溶剂 (DES) 中的 HMF-水基双相系统。 Sn/UiO-66-SOH催化剂是通过合成后修饰将Sn渗入UiO-66-SOH中而制备的。通过PXRD、SEM、FTIR、N2吸脱附分析、XPS、ICP-OES、NH-TPD和Py-FTIR对合成的催化剂进行了表征。 Zr和Sn的协同作用增加了MOF的总酸度和孔径，从而提高了MOF对碳水化合物转化为5-HMF的催化性能。浸渍 Sn 24 小时的 24-Sn/UiO-66-SOH 表现出了所需的催化能力，在 DES 甜菜碱-苹果酸-水/MIBK 双相体系中，葡萄糖和纤维素的 5-HMF 产率分别为 81.5 % 和 41.7 % ， 分别。此外，24-Sn/UiO-66-SOH的五次循环测试表明所制备的催化剂具有良好的可重复使用性。这项研究提供了一种新型的 DES 甜菜碱-苹果酸-水双相系统中 MOF 的磺化混合金属策略，用于从生物质衍生的碳水化合物生产 5-HMF。