With the evolution of people's consumption habits and the rapid growth of urban logistics, the number of trucks and delivery frequency has increased significantly, exacerbating urban traffic congestion and environmental pollution. Consequently, there is an urgent need to improve the current inefficient and highly polluted distribution mode. Currently, in most cities in China, the metro passenger flow is insufficient, and the capacity is excessive during off-peak hours, resulting in underutilized carriage capacity. The integration of surface and underground transport resources can effectively address these issues and facilitate complementary advantages and win–win cooperation between express companies and metro enterprises. This study proposes an innovative problem of split demand route planning in the cooperative distribution system involving express companies and subways. A cooperative distribution model is developed to minimize the total cost, and solved by the Cuckoo Search algorithm to obtain the optimized solution. The model is applied to the urban rail transit network in Changchun, and the results demonstrate that it is effective in reducing truck mileage and distribution costs. Compared to the single delivery pattern by trucks, the cooperative distribution approach proves to be more cost-effective and environmentally friendly.

随着人们消费习惯的演变和城市物流的快速增长，卡车数量和送货频率大幅增加，加剧了城市交通拥堵和环境污染。因此，迫切需要改进当前低效、污染严重的流通模式。目前，我国大部分城市地铁客流不足，且非高峰时段运力过剩，导致运力利用不足。地面与地下交通资源整合可以有效解决这些问题，促进快递企业与地铁企业优势互补、合作共赢。本研究提出了快递公司与地铁合作配送系统中的分流需求路径规划问题。开发了一种合作分配模型以最小化总成本，并通过布谷鸟搜索算法求解以获得优化解决方案。该模型应用于长春市城市轨道交通网络，结果表明，该模型能有效降低卡车行驶里程和配送成本。与单一的卡车配送模式相比，合作配送方式被证明更具成本效益且更环保。