Abstract

The article considers the issues of soil degradation and the possibility of conserving and restoring soil fertility in southern regions of Siberia. Long-term stationary research data is synthesized in order to determine the mechanism of erosion processes and obtain quantitative data on soil losses depending on key factors of water and wind erosion. Particular attention is given to the periodically extreme nature of processes that cause catastrophic soil degradation. Patterns of changes in the structure of processes that require agricultural soil conservation measures are revealed. The mechanism of soil erosion and soil degradation rate changes in the west to east direction along the belt of steppes and forest–steppes of southern Siberia. In the south of Western Siberia, the pressing issue is protecting soils from thawing erosion, in Khakassia the particular hazard is soil deflation, and in Cis-Baikal and Transbaikal region soil degradation is exacerbated by the combined effect of rainfall erosion and deflation. The results of a quantitative cartographic assessment of erosion hazard levels based on empirical models of potential soil loss and deflation are presented for the major agricultural regions with a case study of the Irkutsk–Cheremkhovo plain and the Nazarovskaya and Yuzhno-Minusinskaya depressions. A decrease in erosion soil losses as a result of socioeconomic agriculture reforms and a significant reduction in the area of agricultural land in the early 1990s and in the post-reform period (2010–2017) are noted. It is emphasized that the re-expansion of agricultural land observed in recent years creates the necessity of large-scale inventory mapping of erosion processes in southern Siberia. That data can be used to select an optimal nature management policy that promotes conservation of soil resources.

中文翻译：

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西伯利亚南部土壤资源

摘要

本文探讨了西伯利亚南部地区土壤退化问题以及保护和恢复土壤肥力的可能性。综合长期固定研究数据，以确定侵蚀过程的机制，并根据水蚀和风蚀的关键因素获得土壤流失的定量数据。特别关注导致灾难性土壤退化的周期性极端过程。揭示了需要农业土壤保持措施的过程结构的变化模式。西伯利亚南部草原带和森林草原带土壤侵蚀和土壤退化速率自西向东变化。在西西伯利亚南部，紧迫的问题是保护土壤免受融化侵蚀，在哈卡斯，特别的危害是土壤通货紧缩，而在顺贝加尔湖和外贝加尔湖地区，降雨侵蚀和通货紧缩的共同影响加剧了土壤退化。以潜在水土流失和通货紧缩经验模型为基础，对主要农业地区的侵蚀危害水平进行了定量制图评估，并以伊尔库茨克-切列姆霍沃平原、纳扎罗夫斯卡亚和南米努辛斯卡亚洼地为例进行了案例研究。值得注意的是，由于社会经济农业改革以及 20 世纪 90 年代初和改革后时期（2010-2017 年）农业用地面积的大幅减少，侵蚀土壤流失减少。需要强调的是，近年来观察到的农业用地的重新扩张使得有必要对西伯利亚南部的侵蚀过程进行大规模的清单测绘。该数据可用于选择促进土壤资源保护的最佳自然管理政策。