For decades, titanium implants have shown impressive advantages in bone repair. However, the preparation of implants with excellent antimicrobial properties as well as better osseointegration ability remains difficult for clinical application. In this study, black phosphorus nanosheets (BPNSs) were doped into hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings using electrophoretic deposition. The coatings' surface morphology, roughness, water contact angle, photothermal properties, and antibacterial properties were investigated. The BP/HA coating exhibited a surface roughness of 59.1 nm, providing an ideal substrate for cell attachment and growth. The water contact angle on the BP/HA coating was measured to be approximately 8.55°, indicating its hydrophilic nature. The BPNSs demonstrated efficient photothermal conversion, with a temperature increase of 42.2°C under laser irradiation. The BP/HA composite coating exhibited a significant reduction in bacterial growth, with inhibition rates of 95.6% and 96.1% against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. In addition, the cytocompatibility of the composite coating was evaluated by cell adhesion, CCK8 and AM/PI staining; the effect of the composite coating in promoting angiogenesis was assessed by scratch assay, transwell assay, and protein blotting; and the osteoinductivity of the composite coating was evaluated by alkaline phosphatase assay, alizarin red staining, and Western blot. The results showed that the BP/HA composite coating exhibited superior performance in promoting biological functions such as cell proliferation and adhesion, antibacterial activity, osteogenic differentiation, and angiogenesis, and had potential applications in vascularized bone regeneration.

中文翻译：

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黑磷纳米片-羟基磷灰石复合涂层改善钛种植体的骨整合和抗菌性能，用于血管化骨再生

几十年来，钛种植体在骨修复方面显示出了令人印象深刻的优势。然而，制备具有优异抗菌性能和更好骨整合能力的种植体在临床应用中仍然存在困难。在这项研究中，利用电泳沉积将黑磷纳米片（BPNS）掺杂到羟基磷灰石（HA）涂层中。研究了涂层的表面形貌、粗糙度、水接触角、光热性能和抗菌性能。 BP/HA涂层的表面粗糙度为59.1 nm，为细胞附着和生长提供了理想的基底。测得 BP/HA 涂层上的水接触角约为 8.55°，表明其具有亲水性。 BPNS 表现出高效的光热转换，在激光照射下温度升高了 42.2°C。 BP/HA复合涂层显着减少细菌生长，抑制率分别为95.6%和96.1%金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌。此外，通过细胞粘附、CCK8和AM/PI染色评价复合涂层的细胞相容性；通过划痕实验、Transwell实验和蛋白印迹评估复合涂层促进血管生成的效果；通过碱性磷酸酶测定、茜素红染色和Western blot评价复合涂层的骨诱导能力。结果表明，BP/HA复合涂层在促进细胞增殖和粘附、抗菌活性、成骨分化和血管生成等生物学功能方面表现出优异的性能，在血管化骨再生中具有潜在的应用前景。