An ethanol extract of Piper auritum leaves (PAEE) inhibits the mutagenic effect of three food-borne aromatic amines (2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP); 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (MeIQx); 2-amino-3,4,8-trimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (4,8-DiMeIQx) in the TA98 Salmonella typhimurium strain. Preincubation with MeIQx demonstrated in mutagenesis experiments that inhibition of Cytochrome P450 (CYP), as well as direct interaction between component(s) of the plant extract with mutagens, might account for the antimutagenic observed effect. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis revealed that safrole (50.7%), α-copaene (7.7%), caryophyllene (7.2%), β-pinene (4.2%), γ-terpinene (4.1%) and pentadecane (4.1%) as the main components of PAEE. Piper extract and safrole were able to inhibit the rat liver microsomal CYP1A1 activity that participates in the amines metabolism, leading to the formation of the ultimate mutagenic/ molecules. According to this, safrole and PAEE inhibited MeIQx mutagenicity but not that of the direct mutagen 2-nitrofluorene. No mutagenicity of plant extract or safrole was detected. This study show that PAEE and its main component safrole are associate with the inhibition of heterocyclic amines activation due in part to the inhibition of CYP1A subfamily activity.

中文翻译：

---

Piper auritum 乙醇提取物是一种针对食源性芳香胺的有效抗诱变剂。作用机制和化学成分

胡椒叶的乙醇提取物 (PAEE) 可抑制三种食源性芳香胺（2-氨基-1-甲基-6-苯基咪唑并[4,5-b]吡啶 (PhIP)；2-氨基-3）的致突变作用TA98 鼠伤寒沙门氏菌菌株中的 ,8-二甲基咪唑并[4,5-f]喹喔啉 (MeIQx)；2-氨基-3,4,8-三甲基咪唑[4,5-f]喹喔啉 (4,8-DiMeIQx)。与 MeIQx 一起在诱变实验中证明，细胞色素 P450 (CYP) 的抑制，以及植物提取物成分与诱变剂之间的直接相互作用，可能是观察到的抗诱变效果的原因。气相色谱/质谱分析表明，黄樟素 ( PAEE的主要成分为α-可巴烯（7.7%）、石竹烯（7.2%）、β-蒎烯（4.2%）、γ-萜品烯（4.1%）和十五烷（4.1%）。能够抑制参与胺类代谢的大鼠肝微粒体CYP1A1活性，导致最终诱变分子的形成。据此，黄樟素和PAEE抑制MeIQx的诱变性，但不抑制直接诱变剂2-硝基芴的诱变性。未检测到植物提取物或黄樟素的致突变性。这项研究表明，PAEE 及其主要成分黄樟素与杂环胺活化的抑制有关，部分原因是抑制 CYP1A 亚家族的活性。