In the contemporary global discourse on environmental and developmental issues, the dual challenges of sustainable green energy and water supply stand paramount. These elements are vitally intertwined with the socio-economic vitality of the world. Notably, regions plagued by freshwater scarcity are increasingly turning to desalination which consists of a reliable and unconventional water source. The intersection of renewable energy with desalination and water purification processes presents a compelling synergy. This approach is particularly pertinent in areas where freshwater shortages coexist with abundant solar energy availability. Additionally, these technologies boast the advantage of low operational and maintenance costs. This paper delves into the design, optimization and financial analysis of a novel, standalone hybrid energy system, integrating photovoltaic and fuel cell technologies, for an agriculture farm situated in Kairouan, Tunisia. Unlike conventional systems, this model foregoes battery storage in favour of hydrogen storage, generated through water electrolysis powered by solar energy. This system harnesses solar energy for direct electrical power generation and hydrogen gas production. A segment of the generated electricity is allocated to electrolysis for green hydrogen production. In times of solar unavailability, the stored hydrogen is reconverted to electricity via a fuel cell. An intriguing aspect of this system is the utilization of saline well water, which, due to its high salt content, necessitates purification through desalination to prevent damage to the electrolysis unit and to render it suitable for agricultural irrigation.

中文翻译：

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独立集成太阳能氢水淡化系统的优化设计和经济分析突尼斯凯鲁万农场案例研究

在当代关于环境和发展问题的全球讨论中，可持续绿色能源和供水的双重挑战至关重要。这些要素与世界的社会经济活力密切相关。值得注意的是，受淡水短缺困扰的地区越来越多地转向由可靠的非传统水源组成的海水淡化。可再生能源与海水淡化和水净化过程的交叉呈现出引人注目的协同作用。这种方法对于淡水短缺和太阳能丰富并存的地区特别有用。此外，这些技术还具有运营和维护成本低的优势。本文深入研究了突尼斯凯鲁万一个农场的新型独立混合能源系统的设计、优化和财务分析，该系统集成了光伏和燃料电池技术。与传统系统不同，该模型放弃了电池存储，转而采用太阳能供电的水电解产生的氢气存储。该系统利用太阳能直接发电和生产氢气。所产生的电力的一部分被分配用于电解以生产绿色氢气。在没有太阳能的时候，储存的氢气通过燃料电池重新转化为电能。该系统的一个有趣的方面是利用咸水井水，由于其含盐量高，需要通过海水淡化进行净化，以防止损坏电解装置并使其适合农业灌溉。