With its ability to store and transport energy without releasing greenhouse gases, hydrogen is considered an important driver for the decarbonisation of energy systems. As future hydrogen import prices from global markets are subject to large uncertainties, it is unclear what impact different hydrogen and derivative import prices will have on the future German energy system. To answer that research question, this paper explores the impact of three different import price scenarios for hydrogen and its derivatives on the German energy system in a climate-neutral setting for Europe in 2045 using three different energy system models. The analysis shows that the quantities of electricity generated as well as the installed capacities for electricity generation and electrolysis increase as the hydrogen import price rises. However, the resulting differences between the import price scenarios vary across the models. The results further indicate that domestic German (and European) hydrogen production is often cost-efficient.

中文翻译：

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模型比较实验中氢进口价格对德国能源系统的影响

由于具有储存和运输能源而不释放温室气体的能力，氢被认为是能源系统脱碳的重要驱动力。由于未来全球市场氢气进口价格存在较大不确定性，目前尚不清楚不同的氢气及衍生品进口价格将对未来德国能源体系产生何种影响。为了回答这个研究问题，本文使用三种不同的能源系统模型，探讨了 2045 年欧洲气候中性环境下氢及其衍生物的三种不同进口价格情景对德国能源系统的影响。分析表明，随着氢气进口价格的上涨，发电量以及发电和电解装机容量增加。然而，不同模型的进口价格情景之间产生的差异有所不同。结果进一步表明，德国（和欧洲）国内的氢气生产通常具有成本效益。