From the thirteenth until the 18th century, the county of Flanders knew a special citizen status for rural residents. Country dwellers, normally residing under the jurisdiction and fiscality of lordships, could register themselves as external citizens or ‘outburghers’. Outburghership has primarily been researched within the context of state building and urban studies. This contribution prioritizes the perspective of the countryside. Studies on premodern Flanders have shown that the counts and cities tried to undermine the power of local lords by providing as many seigneurial subjects as possible with fiscal and judicial exemptions to the lords’ justice and taxes. The accessibility of outburghership and its varying appeal along time and space has not been adequately researched. This study argues that the heyday of outburghership in Flanders was between 1300 and 1550. After 1600, outburghership endured as defence mechanism against seigneurial lordship until both institutions met their demise in 1795.

中文翻译：

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勃艮第和哈布斯堡法兰德斯臣民对抗领主的策略

从十三世纪到十八世纪，佛兰德斯郡的农村居民享有特殊的公民地位。乡村居民通常居住在领主的管辖和财政之下，可以将自己登记为外部公民或“外堡人。 Outburghership 主要是在国家建设和城市研究的背景下进行研究的。这一贡献优先考虑了农村的观点。对前现代佛兰德斯的研究表明，伯爵和城市试图通过向尽可能多的领主臣民提供对领主司法和税收的财政和司法豁免来削弱当地领主的权力。郊区的可达性及其随时间和空间的不同吸引力尚未得到充分研究。这项研究认为，法兰德斯的外堡所有权的鼎盛时期是在 1300 年至 1550 年间。1600 年之后，外堡所有权作为对抗封建领主的防御机制持续存在，直到这两个机构于 1795 年消亡。