Public transport via trams has become increasingly important in daily life to meet the growing demand for economic and environmental considerations. In order to ensure the safety of the railway system and reduce service costs, it is necessary to understand the tribological behavior of the system. There are various types of damage such as fatigue, wear, and cracking that can harm the wheels and rails. To determine the wear mechanisms and identify the situations in which wear movements occur, it is crucial to monitor factors such as temperature, surface roughness, and contact micro-hardness between the wheel and the rail. The objective of this study is to analyze the tribological behavior and the impact of climatic conditions on the wheel–rail contact system in the desert area of the Ouargla tramway in Algeria. To achieve this, an intelligent sensor programmed by a microcontroller was utilized to measure the temperature of the wheel–rail contact. Additionally, a hardness tester was used to measure the micro-hardness of the rail, and a roughness tester was utilized to monitor the surface condition of the rail. The measured temperature values during the passage of the tramway varied between ambient temperature and a temperature of 450^∘C. The micro-hardness values ranged from 270 Hv to 440 Hv, and the roughness values varied between 0.4$$$\mu$m and 2.7$$$\mu$m.

为了满足日益增长的经济和环境需求，有轨电车公共交通在日常生活中变得越来越重要。为了确保铁路系统的安全并降低服务成本，有必要了解系统的摩擦学行为。疲劳、磨损和裂纹等多种类型的损坏都会损坏轮轨。为了确定磨损机制并识别磨损运动发生的情况，监测温度、表面粗糙度以及轮轨之间的接触显微硬度等因素至关重要。本研究的目的是分析阿尔及利亚瓦尔格拉有轨电车轨道沙漠地区的摩擦学行为以及气候条件对轮轨接触系统的影响。为了实现这一目标，利用由微控制器编程的智能传感器来测量轮轨接触的温度。此外，还使用硬度计测量钢轨的显微硬度，并使用粗糙度测试仪监测钢轨的表面状况。电车通过过程中测得的温度值在环境温度和 450 ℃ 之间变化。^显微硬度值在 270 Hv 到 440 Hv 之间变化，粗糙度值在 0.4 之间变化。$$$\mu$米和2.7$$$\mu$米。