In the first special issue on ‘Astronomy from the Moon: the next decades', two projects for the infrared domain, considered as justifying a lunar implementation, were presented: a general purpose light collector for the 1–200 μm range, of diameter much larger than any ELT on Earth and a specialized instrument in the very far-infrared aiming at the detection of the weak CMB spectral distortions. Learning from the launch of JWST, to surpass it in spatial, spectral resolution, spectral coverage and sensitivity, the concept of a large infrared, lunar collector is revisited to be specified on a more realistic approach. The telescope is designed to fit in its stowed configuration into the fairing of a future cargo launcher, in order to be deployed on the Moon in robotic mode from a single launch. With these constraints, its diameter is limited to 13 m, i.e. just twice JWST. The choice of the potential sites is also better defined, by selecting the coldest lunar spots that could provide a passive cooling, on average colder than is obtained for JWST at L2. In conclusion, the advantages and the requirements for the development of such a facility on the Moon in the next decades are reviewed.

This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Astronomy from the Moon: the next decades (part 2)’.

在“月球天文学：未来几十年”的第一期特刊中，提出了两个红外领域的项目，被认为证明了月球实施的合理性：一个通用的光收集器，用于 1-200 μm 范围，直径为比地球上任何 ELT 都大，并且是专门用于检测微弱 CMB 光谱畸变的远红外仪器。借鉴 JWST 的发射经验，为了在空间、光谱分辨率、光谱覆盖范围和灵敏度方面超越它，大型红外月球收集器的概念被重新审视，并以更现实的方法进行指定。该望远镜的设计目的是将其收起配置安装到未来货物发射器的整流罩中，以便通过单次发射以机器人模式部署在月球上。由于这些限制，其直径被限制为 13 m，即 JWST 的两倍。潜在地点的选择也得到了更好的定义，通过选择可以提供被动冷却的最冷的月球地点，平均比 JWST 在 L2 处获得的温度更低。最后，回顾了未来几十年在月球上发展此类设施的优势和要求。

本文是“月球天文学：未来几十年（第 2 部分）”讨论会议的一部分。