The Moon has no atmosphere, hence, it offers a unique opportunity to place telescopes on its surface for astronomical observations. It is phase-locked with Earth, and its far side remains free from ground-based interference, enabling the optimal use of radio telescopes. However, the surface of the Moon, as any other airless planetary object in the solar system, is continually bombarded by interplanetary dust particles that cause impact damage and generate secondary ejecta particles that continually overturn the top layer of the lunar regolith. In addition, there is evidence, that small particles comprising the lunar regolith can be electrically charged, mobilized and transported, also representing a hazard for covering sensitive surfaces and interfering with exposed mechanical structures. In addition to the naturally occurring dust transport, rocket firings during landings and take-offs, pedestrian and motorized vehicle traffic will also liberate copious amounts of dust, representing a potential hazard for the safe and optimal use of optical platforms.

This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Astronomy from the Moon: the next decades (part 2)’.

月球没有大气层，因此为在其表面放置望远镜进行天文观测提供了独特的机会。它与地球锁相，其远端不受地面干扰，从而能够最佳地利用射电望远镜。然而，与太阳系中任何其他无空气的行星物体一样，月球表面不断受到行星际尘埃粒子的轰击，这些尘埃粒子会造成撞击损坏并产生二次喷射粒子，从而不断推翻月球风化层的顶层。此外，有证据表明，构成月球风化层的小颗粒可以带电、移动和运输，这也代表着覆盖敏感表面和干扰暴露的机械结构的危险。除了自然产生的灰尘输送之外，着陆和起飞期间的火箭发射、行人和机动车交通也会释放大量灰尘，这对光学平台的安全和最佳使用构成潜在危险。

本文是“月球天文学：未来几十年（第 2 部分）”讨论会议的一部分。