We look at what astronomy from the Moon might be like over the next few decades. The Moon offers the possibility of installing large telescopes or interferometers with instruments larger than those on orbiting telescopes. We first present examples of ambitious science cases, in particular ideas that cannot be implemented from Earth. After a general review of observational approaches, from photometry to high contrast and high angular resolution imaging, we propose as a first step a 1-metre-class precursor and explore what science can be done with it. We add a proposal to use the Earth–Moon system to test the quantum physics theory.

This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Astronomy from the Moon: the next decades (part 2)'.

我们看看未来几十年月球天文学会是什么样子。月球提供了安装大型望远镜或干涉仪的可能性，其仪器比轨道望远镜上的仪器更大。我们首先展示雄心勃勃的科学案例的例子，特别是无法在地球上实施的想法。在对从光度测定到高对比度和高角分辨率成像的观测方法进行总体回顾后，我们提出第一步是使用 1 米级前驱体，并探索用它可以做什么科学。我们添加了使用地月系统来测试量子物理理论的建议。

本文是“月球天文学：未来几十年（第 2 部分）”讨论会议的一部分。