The outsourcing of housework is broadly recognized as providing an impetus for increasing women's participation in the labor market and relieving the burdens of households with children and dual earners. Despite an objective need, demand for paid domestic services is low, even for households with sufficient financial resources. By drawing on a German survey of cohabiting couples aged between 30 and 60, we analyze households that have, to date, not used domestic services (N = 1479). Based on items about attitudes toward domestic services, we identify five distinct attitude profiles defined by diverse combinations and levels of sociocultural barriers to outsourcing housework, including gendered expectations, privacy concerns, aversion toward a servant culture, and trust and control issues. Our results establish that half of the sample exhibits scarcely any sociocultural aversion to the employment of domestic help. While some of these households report preferring to do housework within the family, households of higher social strata, in particular, express a need for external support, but are hindered by an insufficient supply of and access to appropriate paid domestic services. In contrast, the other half of the sample consists of subgroups of rejectors, revealing different levels of disapproval and normative‐moral profiles concerning outsourcing. Interestingly, complete rejectors are often found in low‐income households, indicating a strong connection between socioeconomic and sociocultural characteristics. The results highlight the potential for future developments within the domestic service sector to meet customers' normative and moral concerns.

中文翻译：

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外包家务的社会文化障碍：解决不使用家政服务的问题

人们普遍认为家务外包可以推动妇女更多地参与劳动力市场，减轻有孩子和双职工家庭的负担。尽管存在客观需求，但即使对于财力充足的家庭来说，有偿家政服务的需求仍然较低。通过对德国 30 至 60 岁同居夫妇的调查，我们分析了迄今为止未使用家政服务的家庭（氮= 1479）。根据有关家政服务态度的项目，我们确定了五种不同的态度特征，这些态度特征是由外包家务的社会文化障碍的不同组合和水平定义的，包括性别期望、隐私问题、对仆人文化的厌恶以及信任和控制问题。我们的结果表明，一半的样本几乎没有表现出对雇用家庭佣工的任何社会文化厌恶。虽然其中一些家庭表示更愿意在家庭内部做家务，但社会阶层较高的家庭尤其表示需要外部支持，但由于适当的有偿家政服务的供应和获取不足而受到阻碍。相比之下，样本的另一半由拒绝者亚组组成，揭示了对外包不同程度的反对和规范道德概况。有趣的是，完全拒绝者经常出现在低收入家庭中，这表明社会经济和社会文化特征之间存在密切联系。结果凸显了国内服务行业未来发展的潜力，以满足客户的规范和道德关切。