The forest canopy affects the water entering the forest ecosystem by intercepting rainfall. This is especially pertinent in forests that depend on rainfall for their ecological water needs, quantifying and simulating interception losses provide critical insights into their ecological hydrological processes. In the semi‐arid areas of the Loess Plateau, afforestation has become an effective ecological restoration measure. However, the rainfall interception process of these plantations is still unclear. To quantify and model the canopy interception of these plantations, we conducted a two‐year rainfall redistribution measurement experiment in three typical plantations, including a deciduous broadleaf plantation (Robinia pseudoacacia) and two evergreen coniferous plantations (Platycladus orientalis and Pinus tabuliformis). Based on this, the revised Gash model was used to simulate their interception losses, and the model applicability across varying rainfall types was further compared and verified. The experiment clarified the rainfall redistribution in the three plantations, and the proportions of throughfall to gross rainfall in Robinia pseudoacacia, Platycladus orientalis, and Pinus tabuliformis were 84.8%, 70.4%, and 75.6%; corresponding, the stemflow proportions were 2.0%, 2.2%, and 1.8%; the interception losses were 13.2%, 27.4%, and 22.6%, respectively. The dominant rainfall pattern during the experiment was characterized by low‐amounts, moderate‐intensity, and short‐duration, during which the highest interception proportions across the three plantations were observed. We used the Penman‐Monteith equation and the regression method, respectively, to estimate the canopy average evaporation rate of the revised Gash model, finding that the latter provides a closer match to the measured cumulative interception (NSE >0.7). When simulating interception under the three rainfall patterns, the model with the regression method better simulated the cumulative interception and event‐scale interception for Platycladus orientalis and Pinus tabuliformis plantations under the dominant rainfall pattern. The results contribute valuable information to assess the impact of forest rainfall interception on regional hydrologic processes.

中文翻译：

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黄土高原三个人工林的降雨拦截损失建模

森林冠层通过拦截降雨来影响进入森林生态系统的水。这对于依赖降雨满足生态用水需求的森林尤其重要，量化和模拟截留损失可以为其生态水文过程提供重要的见解。在黄土高原半干旱地区，植树造林已成为有效的生态恢复措施。然而，这些种植园的降雨截留过程仍不清楚。为了量化和模拟这些种植园的树冠拦截，我们在三个典型的种植园中进行了为期两年的降雨再分配测量实验，其中包括落叶阔叶种植园（刺槐）和两个常绿针叶林（侧柏和油松）。在此基础上，采用修正后的Gash模型模拟其拦截损失，并进一步比较和验证模型在不同降雨类型下的适用性。实验阐明了三个种植园的降雨再分配情况，以及三个种植园的径流占总降雨量的比例。刺槐,侧柏， 和油松分别为 84.8%、70.4% 和 75.6%；相应地，茎流比例分别为2.0%、2.2%和1.8%；拦截损失分别为13.2%、27.4%和22.6%。试验期间的主要降雨模式具有低量、中等强度和短持续时间的特点，在此期间，三个种植园的拦截比例最高。我们分别使用 Penman-Monteith 方程和回归方法来估计修订后的 Gash 模型的冠层平均蒸发率，发现后者与测量的累积拦截量更接近（NSE > 0.7）。在模拟三种降雨模式下的截流时，采用回归方法的模型较好地模拟了累积截流和事件尺度截流。侧柏和油松主导降雨模式下的种植园。研究结果为评估森林降雨拦截对区域水文过程的影响提供了宝贵的信息。