Migraine is a common neurological disorder with large burden in terms of disability for individuals and costs for society. Accurate diagnosis and effective treatments remain priorities. Understanding the genetic factors that contribute to migraine risk and symptom manifestation could improve individual management. Migraine has a strong genetic basis that includes both monogenic and polygenic forms. Some distinct, rare, familial migraine subtypes are caused by pathogenic variants in genes involved in ion transport and neurotransmitter release, suggesting an underlying vulnerability of the excitatory–inhibitory balance in the brain, which might be exacerbated by disruption of homoeostasis and lead to migraine. For more prevalent migraine subtypes, genetic studies have identified many susceptibility loci, implicating genes involved in both neuronal and vascular pathways. Genetic factors can also reveal the nature of relationships between migraine and its associated biomarkers and comorbidities and could potentially be used to identify new therapeutic targets and predict treatment response.

中文翻译：

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偏头痛的遗传学：复杂性、影响和潜在的临床应用

偏头痛是一种常见的神经系统疾病，在个人残疾和社会成本方面带来巨大负担。准确的诊断和有效的治疗仍然是首要任务。了解导致偏头痛风险和症状表现的遗传因素可以改善个体管理。偏头痛具有强大的遗传基础，包括单基因和多基因形式。一些独特的、罕见的家族性偏头痛亚型是由涉及离子转运和神经递质释放的基因的致病性变异引起的，这表明大脑中的兴奋性抑制平衡存在潜在的脆弱性，这种脆弱性可能会因稳态的破坏而加剧并导致偏头痛。对于更常见的偏头痛亚型，遗传学研究已经确定了许多易感位点，涉及神经元和血管通路中涉及的基因。遗传因素还可以揭示偏头痛及其相关生物标志物和合并症之间关系的本质，并有可能用于识别新的治疗靶点和预测治疗反应。