Prominin-1 (CD133) is a cholesterol-binding membrane glycoprotein selectively associated with highly curved and prominent membrane structures. It is widely recognized as an antigenic marker of stem cells and cancer stem cells and is frequently used to isolate them from biological and clinical samples. Recent progress in understanding various aspects of CD133 biology in different cell types has revealed the involvement of CD133 in the architecture and dynamics of plasma membrane protrusions, such as microvilli and cilia, including the release of extracellular vesicles, as well as in various signaling pathways, which may be regulated in part by posttranslational modifications of CD133 and its interactions with a variety of proteins and lipids. Hence, CD133 appears to be a master regulator of cell signaling as its engagement in PI3K/Akt, Src-FAK, Wnt/β-catenin, TGF-β/Smad and MAPK/ERK pathways may explain its broad action in many cellular processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration or intercellular communication. Here, we summarize early studies on CD133, as they are essential to grasp its novel features, and describe recent evidence demonstrating that this unique molecule is involved in membrane dynamics and molecular signaling that affects various facets of tissue homeostasis and cancer development. We hope this review will provide an informative resource for future efforts to elucidate the details of CD133’s molecular function in health and disease.

中文翻译：

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prominin-1 (CD133) 在健康和疾病中质膜结构和细胞信号通路动态中的新作用

Prominin-1 (CD133) 是一种胆固醇结合膜糖蛋白，选择性地与高度弯曲和突出的膜结构相关。它被广泛认为是干细胞和癌症干细胞的抗原标记，并经常用于从生物和临床样本中分离它们。最近在了解不同细胞类型中 CD133 生物学的各个方面方面取得的进展揭示了 CD133 参与质膜突起（例如微绒毛和纤毛）的结构和动力学，包括细胞外囊泡的释放，以及各种信号传导途径，它可能部分受到 CD133 的翻译后修饰及其与多种蛋白质和脂质的相互作用的调节。因此，CD133 似乎是细胞信号转导的主要调节因子，因为它参与 PI3K/Akt、Src-FAK、Wnt/β-连环蛋白、TGF-β/Smad 和 MAPK/ERK 通路，这可能解释了它在许多细胞过程中的广泛作用。包括细胞增殖、分化、迁移或细胞间通讯。在这里，我们总结了 CD133 的早期研究，因为它们对于掌握其新特征至关重要，并描述了最近的证据，证明这种独特的分子参与膜动力学和分子信号传导，影响组织稳态和癌症发展的各个方面。我们希望这篇综述能够为未来阐明 CD133 在健康和疾病中分子功能的细节提供信息资源。