For more than a century, scientists have been developing models to understand and predict the complexity of Earth system dynamics (1). Earth system models (ESMs) are built from a collection of submodels that represent interactions among processes occurring on land, in the oceans, and in the atmosphere. ESMs are intended to capture emergent properties and feedbacks that operate at large scales, ranging from biomes to the full planetary system. However, there is continuous effort and ongoing debate concerning if, how, and when smaller-scale processes should be incorporated into ESMs.

中文翻译：

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将微生物整合到气候变化预测的地球系统模型中的优先事项、机遇和挑战

一个多世纪以来，科学家们一直在开发模型来理解和预测地球系统动力学的复杂性 (1)。地球系统模型 (ESM) 由一系列子模型构建而成，这些子模型代表陆地、海洋和大气中发生的过程之间的相互作用。 ESM 旨在捕获大规模运行的新兴属性和反馈，范围从生物群落到整个行星系统。然而，关于是否、如何以及何时将较小规模的流程纳入 ESM 的问题一直在不断努力和争论。