Establishing maintenance-free wireless sensor networks for online monitoring of power transmission lines is crucial for realizing smart grids, exhibiting necessitating energy harvesters with compact volume, excellent robustness, and efficient, well-regulated output. This study introduces a hybrid magnetic energy harvester (HMEH), seamlessly integrating a magneto-mechanical energy conversion module, a non-contact rotational triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) module, and an electro-magnetic generator (EMG) module for magnetic energy harvesting and self-powered sensing in power transmission lines. The HMEH converts magnetic energy into synchronized mechanical rotation using the magnetic phase difference principle and smoothly transforms it into a regulated electrical energy output. With a compact size of 5 cm × 5 cm × 3 cm and a light weight of 56 g, the HMEH showcases unprecedented volume and weight output power densities of 48.9 μW cm⁻³ and 65.5 μW g⁻¹, respectively, outperforming common current transformer (CT) energy harvesters in power transmission lines while avoiding issues like magnetic core saturation, leading to self-overheating or vulnerability to load breakdown due to current fluctuations. Furthermore, the non-contact rotational design ensures minimal performance degradation in both EMG and TENG modules, even after continuous operation for 1200 000 and 600 000 cycles, respectively. Environmental robustness testing verifies the IPX7-rated waterproof capabilities of the HMEH, along with its resilience against high temperatures, humidity, and vibration. All these demonstrate the exceptional robustness of the HMEH. Finally, a self-powered wireless power transmission line's temperature sensing system is demonstrated as a proof-of-concept. This work offers an effective strategy for self-powered wireless sensor networks within power grid transmission lines.

中文翻译：

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紧凑、坚固、稳定输出的混合发电机，适用于输电线路中的磁能收集和自供电传感应用

建立用于输电线路在线监测的免维护无线传感器网络对于实现智能电网至关重要，这需要体积紧凑、坚固耐用、输出高效、调节良好的能量收集器。本研究介绍了一种混合磁能收集器（HMEH），无缝集成了磁-机械能量转换模块、非接触式旋转摩擦纳米发电机（TENG）模块和电磁发电机（EMG）模块，用于磁能收集和自发电- 电力传输线路中的供电传感。 HMEH利用磁相位差原理将磁能转换为同步机械旋转，并平稳地将其转换为可调节的电能输出。 HMEH具有5 cm × 5 cm × 3 cm的紧凑尺寸和56 g的轻量，展现出前所未有的体积和重量输出功率密度，分别为48.9 μW cm ^-3和65.5 μW g ^-1，优于普通电流互感器(CT) 能量收集器在输电线路中的应用，同时避免磁芯饱和等问题，从而导致自过热或由于电流波动而导致负载击穿。此外，非接触式旋转设计可确保 EMG 和 TENG 模块的性能下降最小化，即使在分别连续运行 1200 000 次和 600 000 次循环后也是如此。环境稳健性测试验证了 HMEH 的 IPX7 级防水能力及其对高温、潮湿和振动的适应能力。所有这些都证明了 HMEH 卓越的稳健性。最后，展示了自供电无线电力传输线的温度传感系统作为概念验证。这项工作为电网传输线路内的自供电无线传感器网络提供了一种有效的策略。