Despite the emergence of various methods for Mueller matrix recovery, achieving complete volumetric Mueller matrix retrieval remains a challenge. An alternative approach that leverages in-line Gabor holography to comprehensively extract polarization information from volumetric samples is introduced in this context. The proposed polarization-sensitive in-line Gabor holographic setup enables the recovery of the complete Mueller matrix of three-dimensional (3D) samples after the numerical repropagation of the holographically rendered complex field to various sample planes. This proposal is validated using a calibrated birefringent polarization test target, a sample of Calcium Oxalate crystals, and a volumetric sample containing microplastics, providing the 3D measurement of polarimetric parameters such as diattenuation, polarizance, depolarization, and retardance. The results agree with those obtained through reference methods based on image-plane brightfield polarimetry. The in-line Gabor holographic system proposed is sensitive to the axial variations in polarimetric information within volumetric samples without any mechanical movement nor optical adjustments— an accomplishment that remains elusive to conventional image-plane reference methods and non-holographic/interferometric systems. These findings emphasize the versatility and potential of this alternative approach in recovering the intricate polarization characteristics of 3D specimens, offering the first in-line holographic Mueller imaging to the best of the authors' knowledge.

中文翻译：

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Mueller-Gabor 全息显微镜

尽管出现了多种 Mueller 矩阵恢复方法，但实现完整的体积 Mueller 矩阵恢复仍然是一个挑战。在这种情况下，介绍了一种利用在线 Gabor 全息术从体积样本中全面提取偏振信息的替代方法。所提出的偏振敏感串联 Gabor 全息装置能够在全息渲染的复杂场数值重新传播到各个样本平面后恢复三维 (3D) 样本的完整 Mueller 矩阵。该提案使用校准的双折射偏振测试目标、草酸钙晶体样品和含有微塑料的体积样品进行了验证，提供了偏振参数（如衰减、偏振、去偏振和延迟）的 3D 测量。结果与通过基于像平面明场偏振测量的参考方法获得的结果一致。所提出的在线 Gabor 全息系统对体积样本内偏振信息的轴向变化敏感，无需任何机械运动或光学调整，这一成就对于传统的图像平面参考方法和非全息/干涉系统来说仍然难以实现。这些发现强调了这种替代方法在恢复 3D 样本复杂的偏振特性方面的多功能性和潜力，据作者所知，提供了第一个在线全息 Mueller 成像。