Long-term associations between the alternative healthy eating index (AHEI) score and two predictive indicators for CVD, pericardial adipose tissue (PAT) and coronary artery calcification (CAC) volume, are lacking. Our study aims to investigate the longitudinal associations of the AHEI score with measures of CAC and PAT in adults with and without type 1 diabetes (T1D). The prospective Coronary Artery Calcification in T1D (CACTI) study included 652 people with T1D and 764 people without diabetes (non-DM) (19–56 years old) and was conducted in 2000–2002, 2003–2004, and 2006–2007. At each visit, food frequency questionnaires were collected and PAT and CAC were measured using electron beam computed tomography. Two variables were used for CAC analyses: a continuous variable for the square-root tranformed volume (SRV) for each visit and a second variable identified CAC progression from baseline to visit 3. Mixed effect models and a logistic regression model were used to conduct statistical analyses. A one-point increase in the AHEI score was significantly associated with a −0.12 cm (95% CI: −0.17, −0.08; p-value<0.0001) decrease in PAT volume in combined analyses, a −0.16 cm (95% CI: −0.22, −0.09; p-value<0.0001) decrease in the non-DM group, a marginally significant −0.07 cm (95% CI: −0.14, 0.002; p-value = 0.0571) decrease in the T1D group, and was not associated with either CAC outcome. The AHEI score is inversely associated with PAT; the association revealed greater magnitude of PAT reduction in the non-DM group. The AHEI score did not associate with CAC progression.

中文翻译：

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患有或不患有 1 型糖尿病的美国成年人中替代健康饮食指数与冠状动脉钙化和心包肥胖的纵向关联

替代健康饮食指数 (AHEI) 评分与 CVD 的两个预测指标——心包脂肪组织 (PAT) 和冠状动脉钙化 (CAC) 体积之间缺乏长期关联。我们的研究旨在调查患有和不患有 1 型糖尿病 (T1D) 的成人中 AHEI 评分与 CAC 和 PAT 测量值的纵向关联。 T1D 患者冠状动脉钙化 (CACTI) 前瞻性研究包括 652 名 T1D 患者和 764 名非糖尿病患者（19-56 岁），研究于 2000-2002 年、2003-2004 年和 2006-2007 年进行。每次访视时，都会收集食物频率调查问卷，并使用电子束计算机断层扫描测量 PAT 和 CAC。使用两个变量进行 CAC 分析：一个连续变量表示每次访视的平方根转换体积 (SRV)，第二个变量确定从基线到访视的 CAC 进展 3。使用混合效应模型和逻辑回归模型进行统计分析。在综合分析中，AHEI 评分增加 1 分与 PAT 体积减少 -0.12 cm（95% CI：-0.17，-0.08；p 值<0.0001）显着相关，即 -0.16 cm（95% CI） ：-0.22，-0.09；p值<0.0001）非DM组减少，T1D组略有显着减少-0.07 cm（95％CI：-0.14，0.002；p值= 0.0571）与 CAC 结果均无关。 AHEI 分数与 PAT 成反比；该关联显示非糖尿病组的 PAT 降低幅度更大。 AHEI 评分与 CAC 进展无关。