This paper focuses on the ecosystem service benefits to homeowners from living in close proximity to three National Parks. Knowing these ecosystem service benefits is of policy and management relevance as expansion of existing Parks and protected areas along ecosystem boundaries often requires acquisition of undeveloped private land or other multiple use public lands, something that local officials may oppose. While the effects on house prices from urban parks, and two other types of U.S. Federal lands have been studied, the effect of lands in the U.S. National Park System on house prices had not been studied at the time of this research. To fill this information gap, hedonic price models were estimated to calculate the effect on residential house prices of proximity to three National Parks (NPs). After controlling for other characteristics of the house, neighborhood, and several other types of open space (e.g., National Forests, County Parks), we estimate house sale prices were on average 9.8% higher for houses within 2 km of National Park boundaries. This house price premium represents the value of the ecosystem services received by homeowners from living in close to these NPs. Quantifiable information on local ecosystem service benefits may ameliorate some concerns by local governments about converting private land or other agencies' multiple use lands in order to expand NPs or protected areas to better reflect ecosystem boundaries rather than historical, and often arbitrary boundaries. In addition, quantifiable information on enhancement of property values may broaden stakeholder groups to include the real estate industry. Thus, our results may support agencies in better achieving their objectives of managing NPs as ecological units.

中文翻译：

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国家公园为住宅业主提供的生态系统服务价值

本文重点讨论居住在三个国家公园附近的房主所获得的生态系统服务效益。了解这些生态系统服务效益具有政策和管理相关性，因为沿生态系统边界扩展现有公园和保护区通常需要收购未开发的私人土地或其他多用途公共土地，而地方官员可能会反对。虽然已经研究了城市公园和其他两种类型的美国联邦土地对房价的影响，但在进行本研究时尚未研究美国国家公园系统中的土地对房价的影响。为了填补这一信息空白，我们估计了特征价格模型来计算对三个国家公园 (NP) 附近住宅房价的影响。在控制了房屋、社区和其他几种开放空间类型（例如国家森林、县公园）的其他特征后，我们估计距离国家公园边界 2 公里以内的房屋销售价格平均高出 9.8%。这种房价溢价代表了居住在这些国家公园附近的房主所获得的生态系统服务的价值。关于当地生态系统服务效益的量化信息可能会减轻地方政府对转变私人土地或其他机构的多用途土地以扩大国家保护区或保护区以更好地反映生态系统边界而不是历史的、往往是任意的边界的担忧。此外，有关财产价值提升的量化信息可能会扩大利益相关者群体，将房地产行业包括在内。因此，我们的结果可以支持各机构更好地实现将国家公园作为生态单位进行管理的目标。