Nanodiamonds (NDs) have garnered attention in the field of nanomedicine due to their unique properties. This review offers a comprehensive overview of NDs synthesis methods, properties, and their uses in biomedical applications. Various synthesis techniques, such as detonation, high-pressure, high-temperature, and chemical vapor deposition, offer distinct advantages in tailoring NDs′ size, shape, and surface properties. Surface modification methods further enhance NDs′ biocompatibility and enable the attachment of bioactive molecules, expanding their applicability in biological systems. NDs serve as promising nanocarriers for drug delivery, showcasing biocompatibility and the ability to encapsulate therapeutic agents for targeted delivery. Additionally, NDs demonstrate potential in cancer treatment through hyperthermic therapy and vaccine enhancement for improved immune responses. Functionalization of NDs facilitates their utilization in biosensors for sensitive biomolecule detection, aiding in precise diagnostics and rapid detection of infectious diseases. This review underscores the multifaceted role of NDs in advancing biomedical applications. By synthesizing NDs through various methods and modifying their surfaces, researchers can tailor their properties for specific biomedical needs. The ability of NDs to serve as efficient drug delivery vehicles holds promise for targeted therapy, while their applications in hyperthermic therapy and vaccine enhancement offer innovative approaches to cancer treatment and immunization. Furthermore, the integration of NDs into biosensors enhances diagnostic capabilities, enabling rapid and sensitive detection of biomolecules and infectious diseases. Overall, the diverse functionalities of NDs underscore their potential as valuable tools in nanomedicine, paving the way for advancements in healthcare and biotechnology.

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纳米金刚石：增强生物传感中生物医学治疗和诊断的前沿方法

纳米金刚石（ND）由于其独特的性质而在纳米医学领域引起了人们的关注。本综述全面概述了 ND 的合成方法、特性及其在生物医学应用中的用途。爆炸、高压、高温和化学气相沉积等各种合成技术在定制纳米粒子的尺寸、形状和表面性能方面具有明显的优势。表面修饰方法进一步增强了ND的生物相容性并能够附着生物活性分子，扩大了其在生物系统中的适用性。 ND 作为药物递送的有前途的纳米载体，表现出生物相容性和封装治疗剂以进行靶向递送的能力。此外，ND 通过热疗和疫苗增强来改善免疫反应，显示出在癌症治疗中的潜力。 ND 的功能化促进了它们在生物传感器中的应用，以进行灵敏的生物分子检测，有助于传染病的精确诊断和快速检测。本综述强调了 ND 在推进生物医学应用方面的多方面作用。通过各种方法合成 ND 并修饰其表面，研究人员可以根据特定的生物医学需求定制其特性。 ND 作为有效药物输送载体的能力为靶向治疗带来了希望，而它们在热疗和疫苗增强中的应用为癌症治疗和免疫提供了创新方法。此外，将ND集成到生物传感器中可以增强诊断能力，从而能够快速、灵敏地检测生物分子和传染病。总体而言，ND 的多样化功能凸显了它们作为纳米医学有价值工具的潜力，为医疗保健和生物技术的进步铺平了道路。