Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have caused widespread environmental concern in recent years. Among them, the levels of perfluoroalkane sulfonyl fluorides (PFASFs) in the environment have rarely been reported due to the lack of sensitive analytical methods. Herein, a novel liquid chromatography-microwave plasma torch ionization-mass spectrometry (LC-MPTI-MS) technique was designed for the direct analysis of PFASFs in the environment. The collaborative action of reactive oxygen species (such as hydroxyl radicals) and the elevated temperature within the ambient MPTI environment results in the replacement of the fluorine atom in sulfonyl fluoride by oxygen, leading to the detection of perfluoroalkanesulfonic acid (PFSA) ions by MS. Concurrently, LC was employed to separate other PFSAs that are present in the environment. Three PFASFs exhibited good linearity within the range of 1–500 μg/L with R² > 0.994. The limit of detections (LODs) and the limit of quantifications (LOQs) were measured at 39.32–87.87 and 131.07–292.90 ng/L, respectively. The method was utilized for the direct detection of spiked perfluorooctane sulfonyl fluoride (PFOSF) in wastewater with recoveries of 77.16 to 124.81%. Our approach circumvents the laborious process of chemical derivatization and is anticipated to serve as a robust tool for determining the levels and behaviors of PFASFs in the environment.

中文翻译：

---

液相色谱-微波等离子体炬电离质谱法检测全氟烷磺酰氟的非衍生化方法

近年来，全氟烷基物质和多氟烷基物质（PFAS）引起了广泛的环境关注。其中，由于缺乏灵敏的分析方法，环境中全氟烷磺酰氟（PFASF）的含量鲜有报道。在此，设计了一种新型液相色谱-微波等离子体炬电离-质谱（LC-MPTI-MS）技术，用于直接分析环境中的PFASF。活性氧（如羟基自由基）和周围 MPTI 环境中温度升高的协同作用导致磺酰氟中的氟原子被氧取代，从而通过 MS 检测到全氟烷磺酸 (PFSA) 离子。同时，采用液相色谱分离环境中存在的其他 PFSA。三种 PFASF 在 1–500 μg/L 范围内表现出良好的线性，R ² > 0.994。检测限 (LOD) 和定量限 (LOQ) 分别为 39.32–87.87 和 131.07–292.90 ng/L。该方法用于直接检测废水中加标的全氟辛基磺酰氟（PFOSF），回收率为77.16%~124.81%。我们的方法避免了化学衍生化的繁琐过程，预计将成为确定环境中 PFASF 水平和行为的强大工具。