Cancer represents a complex disease category defined by the unregulated proliferation and dissemination of anomalous cells within the human body. According to the GLOBOCAN 2020 report, the year 2020 witnessed the diagnosis of approximately 19.3 million new cases of cancer and 10.0 million individuals succumbed to the disease. A typical cell eventually becomes cancerous because of a long-term buildup of genetic instability and replicative immortality. Telomerase is a crucial regulator of cancer progression as it induces replicative immortality. In cancer cells, telomerase inhibits apoptosis by elongating the length of the telomeric region, which usually protects the genome from shortening. Many nanoparticles are documented as being available for detecting the presence of telomerase, and many were used as delivery systems to transport drugs. Furthermore, telomere homeostasis is regulated by the circadian time-keeping machinery, leading to 24-hour rhythms in telomerase activity and TERT mRNA expression in mammals. This review provides a comprehensive discussion of various kinds of nanoparticles used in telomerase detection, inhibition, and multiple drug-related pathways, as well as enlightens an imperative association between circadian rhythm and telomerase activity from the perspective of nanoparticle-based anticancer therapeutics.

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端粒酶：癌症纳米疗法和昼夜节律之间的联系

癌症是一种复杂的疾病类别，其定义是人体内异常细胞不受控制的增殖和传播。根据 GLOBOCAN 2020 报告，2020 年约有 1930 万新发癌症病例，1000 万人死于该病。由于遗传不稳定性和复制永生性的长期积累，典型的细胞最终会癌变。端粒酶是癌症进展的重要调节因子，因为它能诱导复制永生。在癌细胞中，端粒酶通过延长端粒区域的长度来抑制细胞凋亡，这通常可以保护基因组不被缩短。据记载，许多纳米颗粒可用于检测端粒酶的存在，并且许多纳米颗粒被用作运输药物的输送系统。此外，端粒稳态受到昼夜节律计时机制的调节，导致哺乳动物端粒酶活性和 TERT mRNA 表达的 24 小时节律。本综述全面讨论了用于端粒酶检测、抑制和多种药物相关途径的各种纳米颗粒，并从基于纳米颗粒的抗癌治疗的角度阐明了昼夜节律与端粒酶活性之间的必然联系。