Background. Rattus norvegicus (R. norvegicus) population plays a significant role in the spread of numerous diseases in urban environments. The present study is aimed at investigating the presence of Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni), C. coli, Clostridium difficile (C. difficile), C. difficile toxigenic, and C. perfringens in R. norvegicus captured from urban areas of Tehran, Iran. Methods. From October 2021 to October 2022, 100 urban rats were trapped in 5 different districts of Tehran, Iran. The genomic DNA was extracted from fecal samples, and the presence of C. jejuni, C. coli, C. perfringens, and C. difficile species was evaluated using PCR assay. Moreover, PCR was used to assess the toxicity of C. difficile isolates. Results. Overall, 30% () of fecal samples were positive for zoonotic pathogens. Based on the PCR on hippuricase (hipO), glycine (gly), CIDIF, and phospholipase C (plc) genes, C. perfringens and C. difficile were isolated from 18.2% () and 5.2% () of male rats. The highest frequency of C. perfringens and C. jejuni was 25% () related to the south of Tehran. Toxigenic C. difficile was not detected in all regions. Conclusion. According to the findings, rats are the main reservoirs for diseases. Therefore, rodent control coupled with the implementation of surveillance systems should be prioritized for urban health.

中文翻译：

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伊朗德黑兰市区褐家鼠中空肠弯曲杆菌、艰难梭菌和产气荚膜梭菌的肠道定植

背景。褐家鼠( R.norvegicus ) 种群在城市环境中多种疾病的传播中发挥着重要作用。本研究旨在调查从德黑兰市区捕获的挪威野生菌中是否存在空肠弯曲杆菌（C. jejuni）、大肠杆菌、艰难梭菌（C. difficile）、产毒艰难梭菌和产气荚膜梭菌。伊朗。方法。 2021年10月至2022年10月，伊朗德黑兰5个不同地区捕获了100只城市老鼠。从粪便样本中提取基因组 DNA，并使用 PCR 测定评估空肠弯曲菌、大肠杆菌、产气荚膜梭菌和艰难梭菌的存在。此外，PCR 用于评估艰难梭菌分离株的毒性。结果。总体而言，30%（）的粪便样本对人畜共患病病原体呈阳性。基于马尿酶 ( hipO )、甘氨酸 ( gly )、 CIDIF和磷脂酶 C ( plc ) 基因的 PCR，从 18.2% 的产气荚膜梭菌和艰难梭菌中分离出来。）和 5.2%（）的雄性大鼠。产气荚膜梭菌和产气荚膜梭菌出现频率最高。空肠病为 25%（）与德黑兰南部有关。并非所有地区都检测到艰难梭菌。结论。研究结果显示，老鼠是疾病的主要宿主。因此，城市健康应优先考虑啮齿动物控制和监测系统的实施。