Physical infrastructure in coastal and offshore locations often is constructed from mild and low alloy steels. These are prone to marine corrosion even with the application of protective coatings and cathodic protection. Particularly for high‐value assets such as energy facilities (wind farms, oil and gas production and subsea pipelines), the prediction of their safe and economic life is of much interest. Herein, a review is given of the modern development of models for the prediction of long‐term marine corrosion of steel exposed to various marine environments. These include immersion, tidal, splash and atmospheric zones and contact with sands and soils. The effects of temperature and water pollution are especially important, as is the ability of the steels or irons to form protective corrosion products. Comments are made also about other alloys such as copper‐nickels and aluminium. All show that corrosion, including pitting corrosion, develops with increased exposure time in a bimodal manner. The reasons for such behaviour are considered, together with the practical implications, important for containment structures such as pipelines, tanks and floating offshore energy platforms.

中文翻译：

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预测腐蚀以评估海洋和沿海钢铁基础设施的寿命

沿海和近海地区的物理基础设施通常由低碳钢和低合金钢建造。即使采用保护涂层和阴极保护，这些材料也容易受到海洋腐蚀。特别是对于能源设施（风电场、石油和天然气生产以及海底管道）等高价值资产，对其安全和经济寿命的预测非常重要。本文回顾了预测暴露于各种海洋环境的钢材长期海洋腐蚀模型的现代发展。这些包括浸没、潮汐、飞溅和大气区域以及与沙子和土壤的接触。温度和水污染的影响尤其重要，钢或铁形成保护性腐蚀产物的能力也是如此。还对其他合金（例如铜镍合金和铝）进行了评论。所有结果都表明，腐蚀（包括点蚀）随着暴露时间的增加以双峰方式发展。我们考虑了这种行为的原因以及实际影响，这对于管道、储罐和浮动海上能源平台等安全壳结构非常重要。