In recent years, social campaigns and high-profile cases have brought increased attention to violence against women. Athletes can be role models, shaping both prosocial and antisocial attitudes. Their engagement in violence prevention could be an effective tool to tackle violence against women through bystander intervention. This part of a mixed-method feasibility study reports on the quantitative evaluation of an evidence-led bystander program, Football Onside, implemented at a football club in South West England in June 2018 to February 2020. The study employed a quasi-experimental design with intervention and control groups. Football coaches and club members ( n = 50) completed measures of rape and domestic abuse myths, bystander intent and efficacy, self-reported bystander behaviors, readiness for change, perceptions of peer helping and myth acceptance, law knowledge, and program evaluation. Fidelity was also assessed. The analysis compared between- and within-group differences in mean changes over time using mixed-effects models. Participant ratings of learning outcomes were high, and fidelity was maintained throughout the intervention. Between-group comparison revealed mixed results, with greater improvements in the intervention group for bystander intent and efficacy at post-test and follow-up, domestic abuse myths at post-test, and rape myth acceptance at follow-up. Model contrasts for within intervention group revealed improvements in rape and domestic abuse myth acceptance, bystander intent and efficacy, perceived law knowledge at both time points, and perceived peer myths and helping at post-test. At follow-up, intervention participants reported significantly higher engagement in bystander behaviors. No significant effects were found for perceived importance of legal knowledge. Our research highlights the potential efficacy of a bystander program tailored for football club members. Cluster-randomized control trials are now required to examine bystander attitudes and behavior change processes among professional athletes.

中文翻译：

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足球和体育运动中的旁观者干预。英国旁观者暴力预防计划的准实验可行性研究

近年来，社会运动和备受瞩目的案件引起了人们对暴力侵害妇女行为的更多关注。运动员可以成为榜样，塑造亲社会和反社会的态度。他们参与预防暴力可能是通过旁观者干预解决暴力侵害妇女行为的有效工具。混合方法可行性研究的这一部分报告了对 2018 年 6 月至 2020 年 2 月在英格兰西南部一家足球俱乐部实施的以证据为主导的旁观者计划 Football Onside 的定量评估。该研究采用了准实验设计，干预组和对照组。足球教练和俱乐部成员（n = 50）完成了对强奸和家庭虐待神话、旁观者意图和功效、自我报告的旁观者行为、变革准备、同伴帮助和神话接受度的看法、法律知识和项目评估的测量。还评估了保真度。该分析使用混合效应模型比较了组间和组内平均变化随时间的差异。参与者对学习成果的评分很高，并且在整个干预过程中保持了忠诚度。组间比较显示出不同的结果，干预组在测试后和随访中的旁观者意图和功效、测试后的家庭虐待神话以及随访中的强奸神话接受度方面都有更大的改善。干预组内的模型对比显示，强奸和家庭虐待神话的接受度、旁观者意图和功效、两个时间点感知到的法律知识、感知到的同伴神话和测试后的帮助都有所改善。在随访中，干预参与者报告说，他们对旁观者行为的参与度显着提高。没有发现对法律知识重要性的感知有显着影响。我们的研究强调了为足球俱乐部会员量身定制的旁观者计划的潜在功效。现在需要进行整群随机对照试验来检查职业运动员中旁观者的态度和行为改变过程。