Mutagenesis is crucial from an evolutionary perspective as it introduces genetic diversity within populations, serving as a driving force for adaptation and survival. It creates the potential for advantageous traits that enhance the ability of an organism to survive in changing environments (1, 2). For instance, through mutations, bacteria can acquire genetic changes, conferring resistance to antimicrobial agents and facilitating survival and proliferation in their presence (3, 4). Bacterial species encounter diverse environmental disturbances that can harm their genetic material, posing a threat to genomic stability. These damaging factors include exposure to chemicals (such as fluoroquinolone antibiotics, mitomycin, bleomycin, aflatoxin B1), radiation [like ultraviolet (UV) light], or even byproducts of cellular metabolism [such as reactive oxygen species (ROS)] (5–11). Maintaining the effective repair of DNA lesions is vital for the survival of bacterial pathogens. In response to DNA damage, these organisms rely on the SOS response, which plays a crucial role in preserving genomic integrity (12). The bacterial SOS response network, controlled by a variety of regulatory proteins and enzymes, is highly conserved across different pathogens.

中文翻译：

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探索恢复期间 SOS 反应、诱变和耐药性之间的联系

从进化的角度来看，诱变至关重要，因为它在种群中引入了遗传多样性，成为适应和生存的驱动力。它创造了潜在的有利特征，增强生物体在不断变化的环境中生存的能力 (1, 2)。例如，通过突变，细菌可以获得基因变化，从而产生对抗菌药物的耐药性并促进其存在时的生存和增殖 (3, 4)。细菌物种会遇到各种环境干扰，这些干扰可能会损害其遗传物质，对基因组稳定性构成威胁。这些破坏因素包括接触化学物质（例如氟喹诺酮类抗生素、丝裂霉素、博莱霉素、黄曲霉毒素 B1）、辐射[例如紫外线 (UV)]，甚至细胞代谢的副产品[例如活性氧 (ROS)](5– 11）。维持DNA损伤的有效修复对于细菌病原体的生存至关重要。为了应对 DNA 损伤，这些生物体依赖 SOS 反应，这在保持基因组完整性方面发挥着至关重要的作用 (12)。细菌 SOS 反应网络由多种调节蛋白和酶控制，在不同病原体中高度保守。