Marine protected areas (MPAs) are the most widely applied tool for marine biodiversity conservation, yet many gaps remain in our understanding of their species‐specific effects, partly because the socio‐environmental context and spatial autocorrelation may blur and bias perceived conservation outcomes. Based on a large data set of nearly 3000 marine fish surveys spanning all tropical regions of the world, we build spatially explicit models for 658 fish species to estimate species‐specific responses to protection while controlling for the environmental, habitat and socio‐economic contexts experienced across their geographic ranges. We show that the species responses are highly variable, with ~40% of fishes not benefitting from protection. When investigating how traits influence species' responses, we find that rare top‐predators and small herbivores benefit the most from MPAs while mid‐trophic level species benefit to a lesser extent, and rare large herbivores experience adverse effects, indicating potential trophic cascades.

中文翻译：

---

稀有性介导热带珊瑚礁鱼类对保护的物种特异性反应

海洋保护区（MPA）是海洋生物多样性保护中应用最广泛的工具，但我们对其物种特定影响的理解仍然存在许多差距，部分原因是社会环境背景和空间自相关性可能会模糊和偏见感知到的保护结果。基于涵盖世界所有热带地区的近 3000 项海洋鱼类调查的大型数据集，我们为 658 种鱼类建立了空间明确的模型，以估计物种对保护的特定反应，同时控制所经历的环境、栖息地和社会经济背景跨越他们的地理范围。我们表明，物种反应差异很大，约 40% 的鱼类没有从保护中受益。在研究性状如何影响物种的反应时，我们发现稀有的顶级捕食者和小型食草动物从海洋保护区中受益最多，而中等营养级物种的受益程度较小，而罕见的大型食草动物则受到不利影响，这表明潜在的营养级联反应。