Limited analyses based on national samples have assessed whether early attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms predict later internalizing and externalizing symptoms in youth and the influence of sex and pubertal timing on subsequent psychiatric symptoms. This study analyzed data (n = 2818) from the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes Program national cohort. Analyses used data from early childhood (mean age = 5.3 years) utilizing parent-reported ADHD symptoms to predict rates of internalizing and externalizing symptoms from late childhood/adolescence (mean age = 11.9 years). Within a subsample age at peak height velocity (APHV) acted as a proxy to assess pubertal timing from early childhood (mean age = 5.4 years) to adolescence (mean age = 12.3 years). Early-childhood ADHD symptoms predicted later psychiatric symptoms, including anxiety, depression, aggressive behavior, conduct problems, oppositional defiant disorder, and rule-breaking behavior. Earlier APHV was associated with increased Conduct Disorder symptoms from late childhood to adolescence for females only. A stronger relation between ADHD symptoms and later aggression was observed in females with earlier APHV, whereas this same pattern with aggression, conduct problems and depression was observed in males with later APHV. Clinicians should consider that both young girls and boys with elevated ADHD symptoms, particularly with off-set pubertal timing, may be at risk for later psychiatric symptoms.

中文翻译：

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根据儿童早期注意力缺陷/多动障碍症状预测儿童晚期的内化和外化症状

基于全国样本的有限分析评估了早期注意力缺陷/多动障碍（ADHD）症状是否可以预测青少年后期的内化和外化症状，以及性别和青春期时间对随后的精神症状的影响。本研究分析了数据（n= 2818）来自环境对儿童健康成果计划国家队列的影响。分析幼儿期（平均年龄 = 5.3 岁）的使用数据，利用父母报告的 ADHD 症状来预测童年后期/青春期（平均年龄 = 11.9 岁）的内化和外化症状的发生率。在子样本中，峰值身高速度 (APHV) 年龄可作为评估从幼儿期（平均年龄 = 5.4 岁）到青春期（平均年龄 = 12.3 岁）的青春期时间的代理。儿童早期的多动症症状预示着后来的精神症状，包括焦虑、抑郁、攻击性行为、品行问题、对立违抗性障碍和违反规则的行为。早期 APHV 仅与女性从童年晚期到青春期的行为障碍症状增加有关。在患有早期 APHV 的女性中，观察到 ADHD 症状与后来的攻击行为之间存在更强的相关性，而在患有晚期 APHV 的男性中，也观察到了与攻击行为、行为问题和抑郁症相同的模式。临床医生应考虑到，多动症症状加重的年轻女孩和男孩，尤其是青春期时间错开的女孩和男孩，可能有出现后期精神症状的风险。