Abstract. Snapshots derived from the World Soil Information Service (WoSIS) are served freely to the international community. These static datasets provide quality-assessed and standardised soil profile data that can be used to support digital soil mapping and environmental applications at broad scale levels. Since the release of the preceding snapshot in 2019, new ETL (Extract, Load, Transform) procedures for screening, ingesting and standardising disparate source data have been developed. In conjunction with this, the WoSIS data model was overhauled making it compatible with the ISO 28258 and Observations and Measurements (O&M) domain models. Additional procedures for querying, serving, and downloading the publicly available standardised data have been implemented using open software (e.g. GraphQL API). Following up on a short discussion of these methodological developments we discuss the structure and content of the “WoSIS 2023-snapshot”. A range of new soil datasets was shared with us, registered in the ISRIC World Data Centre for Soils (WDC-Soils) data repository, and subsequently processed in accordance with the licences specified by the data providers. An important effort has been the processing of forest soil data collated in the framework of the EU-HoliSoils project. We paid special attention to the standardisation of soil property definitions, description of the soil analytical procedures, and standardisation of the units of measurement. The “2023 snapshot” considers the following soil chemical properties (total carbon, organic carbon, inorganic carbon (total carbonate equivalent), total nitrogen, phosphorus (extractable-P, total-P, and P-retention), soil pH, cation exchange capacity, and electrical conductivity) and physical properties (soil texture (sand, silt, and clay), bulk density, coarse fragments, and water retention), grouped according to analytical procedures that are operationally comparable. Method options are defined for each analytical procedure (e.g. pH measured in water, KCl or CaCl₂ solution, molarity of the solution, and soil/solution ratio). For each profile we also provide the original soil classification (i.e. FAO, WRB and USDA system with their version) and pedological horizon designations as far as these have been specified in the source databases. Three measures for “fitness-for-intended-use” are provided to facilitate informed data use: a) positional uncertainty of the profile’s site location, b) possible uncertainty associated with the operationally defined analytical procedures, and c) date of sampling. The most recent (i.e. dynamic) dataset, called wosis_latest, is freely accessible via various webservices. To permit consistent referencing and citation we also provide a static snapshot (in casu, December 2023). This snapshot comprises quality-assessed and standardised data for 228 k geo-referenced profiles. The data come from 174 countries and represent more than 900 k soil layers (or horizons) and over 6 million records. The number of measurements for each soil property vary (greatly) between profiles and with depth, this generally depending on the objectives of the initial soil sampling programmes. In the coming years, we aim to gradually fill gaps in the geographic distribution of the profiles, as well as in the soil observations themselves, this subject to the sharing of a wider selection of “public” soil data by prospective data contributors. The WoSIS 2023-snapshot is archived and freely available at https://doi.org/10.17027/isric-wdcsoils-20231130 (Calisto et al., 2023).

中文翻译：

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提供经过质量评估和标准化的土壤数据以支持全球测绘和建模（WoSIS 快照 2023）

摘要。来自世界土壤信息服务（WoSIS）的快照免费向国际社会提供。这些静态数据集提供经过质量评估和标准化的土壤剖面数据，可用于支持大尺度的数字土壤测绘和环境应用。自 2019 年发布上一个快照以来，已经开发了用于筛选、摄取和标准化不同源数据的新 ETL（提取、加载、转换）程序。与此同时，WoSIS 数据模型进行了彻底修改，使其与 ISO 28258 以及观测和测量 (O&M) 域模型兼容。用于查询、服务和下载公开标准化数据的附加程序已使用开放软件（例如 GraphQL API）实现。在对这些方法发展进行简短讨论之后，我们讨论了“WoSIS 2023 快照”的结构和内容。我们与我们共享了一系列新的土壤数据集，这些数据集在 ISRIC 世界土壤数据中心 (WDC-Soils) 数据存储库中注册，随后根据数据提供商指定的许可证进行处理。一项重要工作是处理在 EU-HoliSoils 项目框架内整理的森林土壤数据。我们特别关注土壤性质定义的标准化、土壤分析程序的描述以及测量单位的标准化。 “2023 年快照”考虑了以下土壤化学性质（总碳、有机碳、无机碳（总碳酸盐当量）、总氮、磷（可萃取磷、总磷和磷保留）、土壤 pH 值、阳离子交换容量和电导率）和物理特性（土壤质地（沙子、淤泥和粘土）、堆积密度、粗碎片和保水性），根据可操作的分析程序进行分组。为每个分析程序定义了方法选项（例如，在水、KCl 或CaCl ₂溶液中测量的pH、溶液的摩尔浓度以及土壤/溶液比率）。对于每个剖面，我们还提供原始土壤分类（即FAO、WRB 和USDA 系统及其版本）和土壤层位名称（只要源数据库中已指定）。提供了三种“适合预期用途”的衡量标准，以促进知情数据的使用：a）剖面现场位置的位置不确定性，b）与操作定义的分析程序相关的可能不确定性，以及c）采样日期。最新（即动态）数据集称为wosis_latest，可通过各种 Web 服务免费访问。为了实现一致的引用和引用，我们还提供静态快照 （例如，2023 年 12 月）。该快照包含 228 k 地理参考剖面的质量评估和标准化数据。这些数据来自 174 个国家，代表超过 90 万个土层（或地层）和超过 600 万条记录。每种土壤属性的测量次数因剖面和深度而异（很大），这通常取决于初始土壤采样计划的目标。在未来几年中，我们的目标是逐步填补剖面地理分布以及土壤观测本身的空白，这取决于潜在数据贡献者共享更广泛的“公共”土壤数据选择。 WoSIS 2023 快照已存档并可在 https://doi.org/10.17027/isric-wdcsoils-20231130 上免费获取（Calisto 等人，2023）。