Abstract. GHOST: Globally Harmonised Observations in Space and Time, represents one of the biggest collection of harmonised measurements of atmospheric composition at the surface. In total, 7,275,148,646 measurements from 1970–2023, of 227 different components, from 38 reporting networks, are compiled, parsed, and standardised. Components processed include gaseous species, total and speciated particulate matter, and aerosol optical properties. The main goal of GHOST is to provide a dataset that can serve as a basis for the reproducibility of model evaluation efforts across the community. Exhaustive efforts have been made towards standardising almost every facet of provided information from the major public reporting networks, saved in 21 data variables, and 163 metadata variables. Extensive effort in particular is put towards the standardisation of measurement process information, and station classifications. Extra complementary information is also associated with measurements, such as metadata from various popular gridded datasets (e.g. land use), and temporal classifications per measurement (e.g. day / night). A range of standardised network quality assurance flags are associated with each individual measurement. GHOST own quality assurance is also performed and associated with measurements. Measurements prefiltered by some default GHOST quality assurance are also provided. In this paper, we outline all steps undertaken to create the GHOST dataset, and give insights and recommendations for data providers based on experiences gleaned through our efforts. The GHOST dataset is made freely available via the following repository: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10637449 (Bowdalo, 2024).

中文翻译：

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GHOST：全球统一的表面大气成分测量数据集

摘要。 GHOST：全球统一时空观测，代表了地表大气成分最大的统一测量集合之一。 1970 年至 2023 年期间，来自 38 个报告网络的 227 个不同组成部分的 7,275,148,646 项测量数据被编译、解析和标准化。处理的成分包括气态物质、总颗粒物和特定颗粒物以及气溶胶光学特性。 GHOST 的主要目标是提供一个数据集，可以作为整个社区模型评估工作可重复性的基础。我们已竭尽全力对主要公共报告网络提供的信息的几乎每个方面进行标准化，并保存在 21 个数据变量和 163 个元数据变量中。特别是在测量过程信息和站点分类的标准化方面投入了大量精力。额外的补充信息也与测量相关，例如来自各种流行网格数据集的元数据（例如土地利用），以及每个测量的时间分类（例如白天/夜晚）。一系列标准化网络质量保证标志与每个单独的测量相关联。 GHOST 还执行自己的质量保证并与测量相关联。还提供了通过某些默认 GHOST 质量保证进行预过滤的测量结果。在本文中，我们概述了创建 GHOST 数据集所采取的所有步骤，并根据我们努力收集的经验为数据提供商提供见解和建议。 GHOST 数据集可通过以下存储库免费获取：https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10637449（Bowdalo，2024）。