In regional trade agreements (RTAs), member countries choose a common rule of origin (RoO) for each product. This study examines the factors that influence RoOs in four ASEAN‐plus‐one RTAs, which are agreements between ASEAN and four individual countries. One unique feature is that ASEAN as a whole negotiates with a plus‐one country, which may dilute the interests of individual ASEAN countries at large. Our findings are summarised as follows. First, the more restrictive RoOs are set in the products where plus‐one countries are less competitive against most ASEAN countries. Second, the more restrictive RoOs are likely to be imposed in products that plus‐one countries protect with higher most favoured nation tariffs. These two results reflect the bargaining power among a plus‐on country and ASEAN countries and indicate that plus‐one's preference influences RoOs more strongly. Third, we find contrasting results between intermediate and final products. RoOs are likely to be less restrictive in intermediate products and more restrictive in final products when plus‐one countries have higher export competitiveness or when the majority of ASEAN countries have higher MFN tariffs.

中文翻译：

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亚洲区域贸易协定原产地规则谈判

在区域贸易协定 (RTA) 中，成员国为每种产品选择共同的原产地规则 (RoO)。本研究探讨了影响四个东盟加一区域贸易协定（东盟与四个国家之间的协议）中原产地规则的因素。一个独特的特点是，东盟作为一个整体与一个加一国家进行谈判，这可能会稀释东盟个别国家的整体利益。我们的研究结果总结如下。首先，对加一国家与大多数东盟国家相比竞争力较弱的产品设定了更严格的原产地规则。其次，对于加一国家以更高的最惠国关税保护的产品，可能会施加更严格的原产地规则。这两个结果反映了附加国与东盟国家之间的议价能力，表明附加国的偏好对原产地的影响更大。第三，我们发现中间产品和最终产品之间的对比结果。当加一国家具有较高的出口竞争力或大多数东盟国家具有较高的最惠国关税时，原产地规则可能对中间产品的限制较少，而对最终产品的限制较多。