Flexible electrode films with good film-forming properties, large deformation ability, high conductivity, and strong charge and discharge capabilities are crucial for ionic electroactive polymer soft actuators. However, there are still challenges in preparing high-quality electrode films that can combine well with the intermediate polyelectrolyte to form high-performance soft actuators. Herein, we propose an advanced sandwich ionic electroactive actuator utilizing self-standing bacterial cellulose (BC) reinforced poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PP) doped with graphene oxide (GO) conductive composite electrodes and a Nafion ion-exchange membrane via a hot-pressing method. The prepared BC–PP–GO electrodes have good film-forming properties with a Young's modulus of 1360 MPa and a high conductivity of 150 S cm⁻¹. The hot-pressed BC–PP–GO/Nafion ionic actuator exhibited a large bending displacement of 6.2 mm (1 V, 0.1 Hz) with a long-term actuation stability up to 95% over 360 cycles without degradation. Furthermore, we introduced the actuator's potential applications including bionic grippers, flies, and fish, providing more opportunities for the development of next-generation micromanipulators and biomimetic microrobots in cm-scale space.

中文翻译：

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用于高性能离子电活性软执行器的掺杂氧化石墨烯复合电极的自立式细菌纤维素增强聚（3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩）/聚（4-苯乙烯磺酸）

具有良好成膜性能、大变形能力、高导电性和强充放电能力的柔性电极薄膜对于离子电活性聚合物软执行器至关重要。然而，制备能够与中间聚电解质良好结合形成高性能软执行器的高质量电极薄膜仍然存在挑战。在此，我们提出了一种先进的夹心离子电活性致动器，利用自支撑细菌纤维素（BC）增强聚（3,4-乙撑二氧噻吩）/聚（4-苯乙烯磺酸）（PP）掺杂氧化石墨烯（GO）导电复合电极和通过热压法制备的Nafion离子交换膜。所制备的BC-PP-GO电极具有良好的成膜性能，杨氏模量为1360 MPa，电导率高达150 S cm ^-1。热压BC-PP-GO/Nafion离子致动器表现出6.2毫米（1V，0.1Hz）的大弯曲位移，在360个循环中长期致动稳定性高达95％而没有退化。此外，我们还介绍了该执行器的潜在应用，包括仿生抓手、苍蝇和鱼，为厘米级空间中下一代微操作器和仿生微型机器人的开发提供更多机会。