The association between consumption of ultra-processed food and adverse health outcomes seems to be established.1 As with most observational epidemiology, however, the key question is whether this reflects a causal relation. To do this, we need to go beyond ever larger studies, …

中文翻译：

---

超加工食品和不良健康后果：需要其他方法和证据来证明真正的因果效应

食用超加工食品与不良健康结果之间的关联似乎已成立。1 然而，与大多数观察流行病学一样，关键问题是这是否反映了因果关系。为此，我们需要超越更大规模的研究，……