Abstract

Two approaches to typing (analysis of intraspecific diversity) and reconstruction of the phylogeny (evolutionary history) of the causative agent of the plague (the microbe Yersinia pestis)—molecular genetic (MG) and ecological (adaptationist, on the basis of host adaptation)—are considered. It is shown that each of the approaches has its advantages and disadvantages. MG typing of pathogen strains in the studied foci of the world made it possible to characterize up to 30 subspecies/genovariants of the plague microbe, but the phylogeny of the microbe built on the basis of this diversity contradicts some obvious environmental facts. The ecological scenario of the origin and evolution of the causative agent of the plague has no obvious contradictions, and as an evolutionarily based hypothesis, it should be taken into account in MG reconstructions of the phylogeny of the plague microbe. The prospect of research in this direction is seen in integrating molecular genetic (statistical) and ecological (adaptationist) approaches.

中文翻译：

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鼠疫病原体——鼠疫耶尔森氏菌的种内分型和系统发育：问题与展望

摘要

鼠疫病原体（微生物耶尔森氏菌）的分型（种内多样性分析）和系统发育（进化史）重建的两种方法——分子遗传学（MG）和生态学（适应论，基于宿主适应） -被考虑。结果表明，每种方法都有其优点和缺点。对世界各地研究疫源地的病原体菌株进行 MG 分型，使鉴定鼠疫微生物多达 30 个亚种/基因变种成为可能，但建立在这种多样性基础上的微生物系统发育与一些明显的环境事实相矛盾。鼠疫病原体的起源和进化的生态情景没有明显的矛盾，作为一种基于进化的假设，在鼠疫微生物系统发育的 MG 重建中应该考虑到这一点。这一方向的研究前景在于整合分子遗传学（统计）和生态（适应主义）方法。