Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 1 (NOD1), a cytosolic pattern recognition receptor protein, plays a crucial role in innate immune responses. However, the functional expression of NOD1 in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from endometriosis remains unclear. The aim of this study was to explore the functions of NOD1 in ectopic endometrial lesions. Tissues and MSCs were isolated from both normal endometrium and endometriosis. Immunohistochemistry and real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) were used to determine the expression of NOD1 in the tissues/MSCs. Quantification of various cytokines was performed using RT-qPCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. To confirm the proliferation, invasion/migration, and apoptotic viabilities of the samples, Cell Counting Kit-8, clonogenic formation, transwell assays, and apoptotic experiments were conducted. Higher levels of NOD1 expression were detected in the ectopic-MSCs obtained from endometriosis compared to those from the endometrium. The expression of interleukin-8 was higher in the ectopic-MSCs than in the eutopic-MSCs. Pretreatment with NOD1 agonist significantly enhanced the proliferation and invasion/migration of eutopic-MSCs. Additionally, the NOD1 inhibitor ML-130 significantly reduced the proliferation, clone formation, invasion, and migration abilities of the ectopic-MSCs, having no effect on their apoptosis capacity. Our findings suggest that the expression of NOD1 in ectopic-MSCs may contribute to the progression of ectopic endometrial lesions.

中文翻译：

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具有异常 NOD1 表达的人子宫内膜来源的间充质干细胞与异位子宫内膜病变的形成相关。

核苷酸结合寡聚结构域 1 (NOD1) 是一种胞质模式识别受体蛋白，在先天免疫反应中发挥着至关重要的作用。然而，NOD1 在子宫内膜异位症来源的间充质干细胞 (MSC) 中的功能表达仍不清楚。本研究的目的是探讨NOD1在异位子宫内膜病变中的功能。从正常子宫内膜和子宫内膜异位症中分离出组织和 MSC。采用免疫组织化学和实时定量聚合酶链反应（RT-qPCR）测定组织/MSC中NOD1的表达。使用 RT-qPCR 和酶联免疫吸附测定对各种细胞因子进行定量。为了确认样品的增殖、侵袭/迁移和凋亡活力，进行了 Cell Counting Kit-8、克隆形成、Transwell 测定和凋亡实验。与子宫内膜中的异位间充质干细胞相比，从子宫内膜异位症中获得的异位间充质干细胞中检测到更高水平的 NOD1 表达。异位MSC中IL-8的表达高于在位MSC中。 NOD1激动剂预处理显着增强了在位MSC的增殖和侵袭/迁移。此外，NOD1抑制剂ML-130显着降低异位MSC的增殖、克隆形成、侵袭和迁移能力，但对其凋亡能力没有影响。我们的研究结果表明，异位间充质干细胞中NOD1的表达可能有助于异位子宫内膜病变的进展。