Radiation exposure is a primary concern in emergency response scenarios and long-term health assessments. Accurate quantification of radiation doses is critical for informed decision-making and patient care. This paper reviews the dose reconstruction technique using both X- and Q-bands, with tooth enamel as a reliable dosimeter. Tooth enamel, due to its exceptional resistance to alteration over time, offers a unique opportunity for assessing both acute and chronic radiation exposures. This review delves into the principles underlying enamel dosimetry, the mechanism of radiation interactions, and dose retention in tooth enamel. We explore state-of-the-art analytical methods, such as electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, that accurately estimate low and high doses in acute and chronic exposure. Furthermore, we discuss the applicability of tooth enamel dosimetry in various scenarios, ranging from historical radiological incidents to recent nuclear events or radiological incidents. The ability to reconstruct radiation doses from dental enamel provides a valuable tool for epidemiological studies, validating the assessment of health risks associated with chronic exposures and aiding in the early detection and management of acute radiation incidents. This paper underscores the significance of tooth enamel as an essential medium for radiation dose reconstruction and its broader implications for enhancing radiation protection, emergency response, and public health preparedness. Incorporating enamel EPR dosimetry into standard protocols has the potential to transform the field of radiation assessment, ensuring more accurate and timely evaluations of radiation exposure and its associated risks.

中文翻译：

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人类牙齿电子顺磁共振（EPR）生物剂量测定：急性和慢性暴露评估的关键技术。

辐射暴露是应急响应场景和长期健康评估中的主要关注点。辐射剂量的准确量化对于明智的决策和患者护理至关重要。本文回顾了使用 X 波段和 Q 波段的剂量重建技术，并以牙釉质作为可靠的剂量计。牙釉质由于其对随时间变化的特殊抵抗力，为评估急性和慢性辐射暴露提供了独特的机会。这篇综述深入探讨了牙釉质剂量测定的基本原理、辐射相互作用的机制以及牙釉质中的剂量保留。我们探索最先进的分析方法，例如电子顺磁共振 (EPR) 光谱，可以准确估计急性和慢性暴露中的低剂量和高剂量。此外，我们还讨论了牙釉质剂量测定在各种情况下的适用性，从历史放射性事件到最近的核事件或放射性事件。从牙釉质重建辐射剂量的能力为流行病学研究提供了宝贵的工具，验证了与长期暴露相关的健康风险评估，并有助于早期发现和管理急性辐射事件。本文强调了牙釉质作为辐射剂量重建的重要介质的重要性及其对加强辐射防护、应急响应和公共卫生准备的更广泛影响。将牙釉质 EPR 剂量测定纳入标准方案有可能改变辐射评估领域，确保更准确、及时地评估辐射暴露及其相关风险。