Skin, the largest biological organ, consists of three main parts: the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue. Wounds are abnormal wounds in various forms, such as lacerations, burns, chronic wounds, diabetic wounds, acute wounds, and fractures. The wound healing process is dynamic, complex, and lengthy in four stages involving cells, macrophages, and growth factors. Wound dressing refers to a substance that covers the surface of a wound to prevent infection and secondary damage. Biomaterials applied in wound management have advanced significantly. Natural biomaterials are increasingly used due to their advantages including biomimicry of ECM, convenient accessibility, and involvement in native wound healing. However, there are still limitations such as low mechanical properties and expensive extraction methods. Therefore, their combination with synthetic biomaterials and/or adding bioactive agents has become an option for researchers in this field. In the present study, the stages of natural wound healing and the effect of biomaterials on its direction, type, and level will be investigated. Then, different types of polysaccharides and proteins were selected as desirable natural biomaterials, polymers as synthetic biomaterials with variable and suitable properties, and bioactive agents as effective additives. In the following, the structure of selected biomaterials, their extraction and production methods, their participation in wound healing, and quality control techniques of biomaterials-based wound dressings will be discussed.

中文翻译：

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天然生物材料在伤口愈合应用中的现状综述

皮肤是最大的生物器官，由三个主要部分组成：表皮、真皮和皮下组织。伤口是各种形式的异常伤口，如割伤、烧伤、慢性伤口、糖尿病伤口、急性伤口和骨折。伤口愈合过程是动态的、复杂的、漫长的，分为四个阶段，涉及细胞、巨噬细胞和生长因子。伤口敷料是指覆盖伤口表面以防止感染和继发性损伤的物质。生物材料在伤口处理中的应用取得了显着进展。天然生物材料因其具有 ECM 仿生性、方便获取以及参与自然伤口愈合等优点而得到越来越多的使用。然而，仍然存在机械性能低和提取方法昂贵等限制。因此，它们与合成生物材料的结合和/或添加生物活性剂已成为该领域研究人员的一种选择。在本研究中，将研究自然伤口愈合的阶段以及生物材料对其方向、类型和水平的影响。然后，选择不同类型的多糖和蛋白质作为理想的天然生物材料，选择聚合物作为具有可变和合适特性的合成生物材料，并选择生物活性剂作为有效的添加剂。下面将讨论所选生物材料的结构、它们的提取和生产方法、它们对伤口愈合的参与以及基于生物材料的伤口敷料的质量控制技术。