The error-related negativity and an N2-component recorded over medial frontal cortex index core functions of cognitive control. While they are known to originate from agranular frontal areas, the underlying microcircuit mechanisms remain elusive. Most insights about microcircuit function have been derived from variations of the so-called canonical microcircuit model. These microcircuit architectures are based extensively on studies from granular sensory cortical areas in monkeys, cats, and rodents. However, evidence has shown striking cytoarchitectonic differences across species and differences in the functional relationships across cortical layers in agranular compared to granular sensory areas. In this minireview, we outline a tentative microcircuit model underlying cognitive control in the agranular frontal cortex of primates. The model incorporates the main GABAergic interneuron subclasses with specific laminar arrangements and target regions on pyramidal cells. We emphasize the role of layer 5 pyramidal cells in error and conflict detection. We offer several specific questions necessary for creating a specific intrinsic microcircuit model of the agranular frontal cortex.

中文翻译：

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无颗粒额叶皮层微电路是猕猴认知控制的基础

与错误相关的消极情绪和 N2 成分记录在认知控制的内侧额叶皮层指数核心功能上。虽然已知它们起源于无颗粒的额叶区域，但潜在的微电路机制仍然难以捉摸。关于微电路功能的大多数见解都源自所谓的规范微电路模型的变化。这些微电路架构广泛基于对猴子、猫和啮齿动物颗粒感觉皮层区域的研究。然而，有证据表明，与颗粒状感觉区域相比，不同物种的细胞结构存在显着差异，并且无颗粒状感觉区域的皮质层之间的功能关系也存在差异。在这篇小综述中，我们概述了灵长类动物无颗粒额叶皮层认知控制的初步微电路模型。该模型结合了主要的 GABA 能中间神经元亚类，具有特定的层状排列和锥体细胞上的目标区域。我们强调第 5 层锥体细胞在错误和冲突检测中的作用。我们提出了创建无颗粒额叶皮层的特定内在微电路模型所需的几个具体问题。