The scarcity of freshwater, the increasing use of brackish water (B) for irrigation, and the judicious application of organic fertilizers have significant research and practical value for environmental science, water resource management, and clean production. This study investigated the combined impact of B, magnetized-ionized brackish water (MIB), and organic fertilizer on pakchoi ( L.) growth, yield, and soil quality. Over a two-year period (2022–2023), this study explored the impacts of two types of irrigation water (B and magnetized-ionized brackish water, MIB) in combination with varying rates of water-soluble bio-organic fertilizer (0, 20, 40, 60, and 80 kg/ha, corresponding to treatments 0 through 4, respectively). The findings indicated that the application of 60 kg/ha of organic fertilizer greatly improved the growth rate of pakchoi in terms of plant height, leaf area index, and fresh weight. Moreover, under MIB irrigation, the fresh weight growth rate of pakchoi was superior to that observed under B irrigation. Notably, B irrigation necessitated additional fertilizer to maintain elevated levels of alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen (AN) and soil quality. Furthermore, the use of organic fertilizer substantially enhanced soil quality, with AN, available phosphorus (AP), organic matter (OM), and soil quality index (SQI) demonstrating a strong positive correlation ( < 0.05). Mantel test analysis showed significant correlations ( < 0.05) between soil OM, SWC, AP, and pakchoi growth and yield. According to the partial least squares path modeling analysis, the use of organic fertilizer had a relatively minor effect on the yield and quality of pakchoi under B irrigation, with path coefficients of 0.088 and 0.298, respectively. However, under MIB irrigation, organic fertilizer enhances yield and quality by improving soil quality (path coefficients of 0.914). In conclusion, the application of MIB irrigation coupled with organic fertilizer contributed to sustainable soil fertility, enhanced crop productivity, and mitigated the environmental impacts associated with conventional irrigation and fertilization methods. Our research underscores the importance of supporting agricultural research and development focused on sustainable irrigation and fertilization methods for farmers and policymakers. This integrated approach offers a harmonious solution for optimizing crop yields and enhancing water use efficiency, and the reduction of in chemical pollutants within agricultural production systems.

中文翻译：

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利用磁化微咸水和有机肥料增强小白菜农业：土壤质量和作物产量优化的可持续方法

淡水的稀缺、苦咸水（B）灌溉的增加以及有机肥料的合理施用对于环境科学、水资源管理和清洁生产具有重要的研究和实用价值。本研究调查了 B、磁化微咸水 (MIB) 和有机肥对小白菜 (L.) 生长、产量和土壤质量的综合影响。本研究在两年期间（2022-2023）探索了两种灌溉水（B 和磁化微咸水，MIB）与不同比例的水溶性生物有机肥（0、 20、40、60 和 80 kg/ha，分别对应于处理 0 至 4）。结果表明，施用60公斤/公顷有机肥，大大提高了小白菜的株高、叶面积指数和鲜重等生长速度。此外，MIB灌溉下小白菜的鲜重生长率优于B灌溉。值得注意的是，B 灌溉需要额外的肥料来维持较高水平的碱水解氮 (AN) 和土壤质量。此外，有机肥的使用显着提高了土壤质量，AN、速效磷（AP）、有机质（OM）和土壤质量指数（SQI）表现出很强的正相关性（<0.05）。 Mantel测试分析显示土壤OM、SWC、AP与小白菜生长和产量之间存在显着相关性（<0.05）。根据偏最小二乘路径模型分析，有机肥施用对B灌小白菜产量和品质的影响相对较小，通径系数分别为0.088和0.298。然而，在 MIB 灌溉下，有机肥通过改善土壤质量来提高产量和质量（通径系数为 0.914）。总之，MIB 灌溉与有机肥料的应用有助于可持续的土壤肥力，提高作物生产力，并减轻与传统灌溉和施肥方法相关的环境影响。我们的研究强调了支持农业研究和开发的重要性，重点是农民和政策制定者的可持续灌溉和施肥方法。这种综合方法为优化作物产量、提高用水效率以及减少农业生产系统中的化学污染物提供了和谐的解决方案。