Porous hydroxyapatite (HAp) ceramics have been widely used in several biomedical applications. However, efforts to enhance the porous structure in HAp ceramics often lead to a decline in their mechanical properties. In the present study, by adding a small amount of aluminum nitride (AlN) nanoparticles to HAp ceramics, we achieved the formation of porous HAp with a slight change in grain size and mechanical properties. The starting powder of the HAp was obtained from a natural source of bovine bone. The HAp/xAlN nanocomposites were fabricated by a simple conventional technique. The 0.06 mol% AlN-added sample (HAp/0.06AlN) presented the maximum mechanical properties (Vickers hardness = 3.68 GPa, elastic modulus = 94.04 GPa, and fracture toughness = 0.97 MPa∙m) with favorable porosity. Simulated body fluid and cell viability assays showed that all the studied nanocomposites possessed desirable bioactivity with high cell viability. The HAp/0.06AlN samples were coated with antimicrobial agents. The samples coated with silver nitrate (AgNO) had high antibacterial efficiency against (66.2%) and (67.3%). Based on the obtained results, the nanocomposites exhibited promising potential for development and utilization in biomedical applications.

中文翻译：

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废牛骨合成羟基磷灰石纳米复合材料机械性能略有变化的诱导多孔结构及其生物活性

多孔羟基磷灰石（HAp）陶瓷已广泛应用于多种生物医学应用。然而，增强 HAp 陶瓷多孔结构的努力往往会导致其机械性能下降。在本研究中，通过在HAp陶瓷中添加少量氮化铝（AlN）纳米颗粒，我们实现了晶粒尺寸和机械性能略有变化的多孔HAp的形成。 HAp 的起始粉末是从天然牛骨中获得的。 HAp/xAlN 纳米复合材料是通过简单的传统技术制备的。添加 0.06 mol% AlN 的样品 (HAp/0.06AlN) 表现出最大的机械性能（维氏硬度 = 3.68 GPa、弹性模量 = 94.04 GPa、断裂韧性 = 0.97 MPa·m）和良好的孔隙率。模拟体液和细胞活力测定表明，所有研究的纳米复合材料都具有理想的生物活性和高细胞活力。 HAp/0.06AlN 样品涂有抗菌剂。涂覆有硝酸银(AgNO)的样品对(66.2%)和(67.3%)具有较高的抗菌效率。基于所获得的结果，纳米复合材料在生物医学应用中表现出良好的开发和利用潜力。