Real-time monitoring is essential for safeguarding infrastructure in extreme environments, particularly in remote areas with abundant wind resources where sustained strong winds are common. A triboelectric-piezoelectric-electromagnetic hybrid wind energy harvester based on a snap-through bistable mechanism (ST-HWEH) is proposed, which can be used as a sustainable power source and a self-powered wind speed sensor. The piezoelectric energy harvester (PEH), triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), and electromagnetic energy harvester (EMH) are placed at the maximum strain location, maximum contact area, and maximum displacement position of the bistable buckled beam, respectively, fully utilizing its characteristics in the structural space. The bistable buckled beam undergoes convex and concave snap-through transformations under the magnetic excitation, working synergistically with the buckled boundary to simultaneously achieve the three electromechanical energy conversions, thereby enhancing the electrical output performance of the system. Moreover, both the starting wind speed and resistance torque of the system are effectively reduced through the arrangement of symmetrical excited magnets with antimagnetic poles on the buckled beam. A prototype is prepared and subsequently experimentally verified. The results show that the overall output power density in a composite power generation unit for the ST-HWEH is 83.97 W/m at a wind speed of 11 m/s, which is 6.88 times higher than that of the ST-HWEH that only contains TENG. The prototype can easily light up 1000 LED lights at a mild wind speed of 5 m/s and demonstrate self-powered environmental monitoring (taking temperature and wind speed as examples), providing a potential solution for self-powered environmental monitoring and status monitoring of the infrastructure.

中文翻译：

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基于突跳双稳态机构的摩擦电-压电-电磁混合风能采集器

实时监控对于保护极端环境下的基础设施至关重要，特别是在风力资源丰富、持续强风常见的偏远地区。提出了一种基于瞬变双稳态机构（ST-HWEH）的摩擦电-压电-电磁混合风能采集器，可用作可持续电源和自供电风速传感器。将压电能量收集器（PEH）、摩擦纳米发电机（TENG）和电磁能量收集器（EMH）分别放置在双稳态屈曲梁的最大应变位置、最大接触面积和最大位移位置，充分利用其特性结构空间。双稳态屈曲梁在磁激励下发生凸凹突跳变换，与屈曲边界协同作用，同时实现三种机电能量转换，从而增强系统的电输出性能。此外，通过在屈曲梁上布置具有反磁极的对称励磁磁体，有效降低了系统的启动风速和阻力矩。制备原型并随后进行实验验证。结果表明，风速11 m/s时，ST-HWEH复合发电装置的总输出功率密度为83.97 W/m，是仅包含复合发电装置的ST-HWEH的6.88倍。腾.该样机可在5 m/s的温和风速下轻松点亮1000个LED灯，并演示自供电环境监测（以温度和风速为例），为自供电环境监测和状态监测提供了潜在的解决方案。基础设施。