Carbon materials are commonly used for soil carbon sequestration and fertilization, which can also affect crop growth by manipulating the rhizosphere bacterial community. However, the comparison of the differences between active carbon (e.g., organic fertilizers) and stable carbon (e.g., biochar) on rhizosphere microdomains is still unclear. Hence, a trial was implemented to explore the influence of control (CK, no fertilizer; NPK, chemical fertilizer), organic fertilizer (CF-O, organic fertilizer; CF-BO, biochar-based organic fertilizer) and biochar material (CF-B, perishable garbage biochar; CF-PMB, pig manure biochar) on the diversity, composition, and interaction of rice rhizosphere bacterial community through 16 S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing. Our results demonstrate that organic fertilizer increases bacterial alpha-diversity compared to no-carbon supply treatment to the extend, whereas biochar has the opposite effect. The rhizosphere bacterial community composition showed pronounced variations among the various fertilization treatments. The relative abundance in Firmicutes decreased with organic fertilizer application, whereas that in Chloroflexi and Actinobacteria decreased with biochar application. Bacterial network analysis demonstrate that organic fertilizer enhances the complexity and key taxa of bacterial interactions, while biochar exhibits an opposing trend. The findings of our study indicate that organic fertilizer may contribute to a positive and advantageous impact on bacterial diversity and interaction in rice rhizosphere, whereas the influence of biochar is not as favorable and constructive. This study lays the foundation for elucidating the fate of the rhizosphere bacterial community following different carbon material inputs in the context of sustainable agricultural development.

中文翻译：

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“活性炭”比“稳定炭”更有利于水稻根际细菌群落

碳材料通常用于土壤固碳和施肥，还可以通过操纵根际细菌群落影响作物生长。然而，活性炭（如有机肥料）和稳定碳（如生物炭）在根际微域上的差异比较仍不清楚。因此，进行了一项试验来探讨对照（CK，无肥；NPK，化肥）、有机肥（CF-O，有机肥；CF-BO，生物炭基有机肥）和生物炭材料（CF- B，易腐垃圾生物炭；CF-PMB，猪粪生物炭）通过16S rRNA基因高通量测序研究水稻根际细菌群落的多样性、组成和相互作用。我们的结果表明，与无碳供应处理相比，有机肥料在很大程度上增加了细菌α多样性，而生物炭则具有相反的效果。根际细菌群落组成在不同的施肥处理之间表现出明显的变化。厚壁菌门的相对丰度随着有机肥的施用而降低，而绿柔菌门和放线菌的相对丰度则随着生物炭的施用而降低。细菌网络分析表明，有机肥料增强了细菌相互作用的复杂性和关键分类群，而生物炭则表现出相反的趋势。我们的研究结果表明，有机肥可能对水稻根际细菌多样性和相互作用产生积极和有利的影响，而生物炭的影响则不那么有利和建设性。这项研究为阐明可持续农业发展背景下不同碳材料输入后根际细菌群落的命运奠定了基础。