Exercise training is effective for improving cardiometabolic health in children and adolescents, but less is known about its impact on inflammatory markers. We therefore, undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the role of exercise training on pro-inflammatory cytokines including interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and C-reactive protein (CRP) in children and adolescents. A comprehensive search was conducted in three electronic databases including PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus, from inception to December 2023 to identify exercise trials with and without control groups, involving participants with mean ages ranging from ≥ 6 to < 18 years, of age with measurements of at least one of the following pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, TNF-α, or CRP. Standardized mean differences (SMD) and 95 % confidence interval (ICs) were calculated using random effects models. Thirty-eight studies involving 2043 children and adolescents were included. The results show that exercise training resulted in significant reductions in IL-6 [SMD: −0.44; 95 % CI: −0.68, −0.21; = 0.001] and CRP [SMD: −0.28; 95 % CI: −0.41, -0.16; = 0.001], but not TNF-α [SMD: −0.15; 95 % CI: −0.38, −0.07; = 0.19]. Subgroup analyses showed that IL-6 and CRP were reduced with aerobic training in adolescents, as was CRP with high-intensity interval training. These results provide evidence that exercise training is effective for reducing IL-6 and CRP in adolescents, but not in children, and any benefits may be modulated by the type of exercise performed.

中文翻译：

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运动训练对儿童和青少年炎症标志物的影响：系统评价和荟萃分析

运动训练可有效改善儿童和青少年的心脏代谢健康，但对其对炎症标志物的影响知之甚少。因此，我们进行了系统回顾和荟萃分析，以研究运动训练对促炎细胞因子的作用，包括白细胞介素 6 (IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α (TNF-α) 和 C 反应蛋白 (CRP) ）儿童和青少年。从开始到 2023 年 12 月，在包括 PubMed、Web of Science 和 Scopus 在内的三个电子数据库中进行了全面检索，以确定有或没有对照组的运动试验，涉及平均年龄从 ≥ 6 岁到 < 18 岁的参与者测量至少一种以下促炎细胞因子 IL-6、TNF-α 或 CRP。使用随机效应模型计算标准化平均差 (SMD) 和 95% 置信区间 (IC)。纳入了 38 项研究，涉及 2043 名儿童和青少年。结果表明，运动训练导致 IL-6 显着降低 [SMD：-0.44； 95% CI：-0.68，-0.21； = 0.001] 和 CRP [SMD：−0.28； 95% CI：-0.41，-0.16； = 0.001]，但不是 TNF-α [SMD：-0.15； 95% CI：-0.38，-0.07； = 0.19]。亚组分析表明，青少年有氧训练可降低 IL-6 和 CRP，高强度间歇训练的 CRP 也可降低。这些结果证明运动训练对于降低青少年的 IL-6 和 CRP 有效，但对于儿童则无效，并且任何益处可能会受到所进行的运动类型的调节。