The study aimed to evaluate the effects of P and K fertilization strategies with and without N-fertilization on soil quality and crop yields in integrated crop-livestock system (ICLS) in the Brazilian Cerrado. The treatments included various fertilization strategies, such as applying P and K during either the cropping phase (conventional fertilization) or the pasture phase (system fertilization), with or without N-fertilization during the pasture phase. Soil samples were collected two years after the experiment was initiated from the 0–10 cm layer, and soybean yields were determined at the end of the crop cycle. Soil carbon (C) stocks remained largely unaffected by the different fertilization strategies. However, soil nitrogen (N) stocks, as well as C and N within the microbial biomass, were lower when conventional fertilization and 0 kg ha of N were used in pastures compared to other treatments. Enzyme activity also decreased with conventional fertilization and 0 kg ha of N in pastures. Scores for and were higher with 100 kg ha compared to 0 kg ha of N in the case of conventional fertilization, marking an increase of 22% and 18% for and , respectively. For soil function associated with , there was no difference between the treatments. Within the 0 kg ha of N group, system fertilization was 12% and 24% higher compared to conventional fertilization. The soil quality index (SQI) was higher with 100 kg ha (0.83) compared to 0 kg ha of N (0.77), showing an 8% increase. Soybean yield was 3% higher with system fertilization and 7% higher with 100 kg ha of N, compared to conventional fertilization with 0 kg ha of N. In conclusion, even in the short term, adopting a system fertilization strategy and applying N-fertilization in pastures benefits soybean yields in ICLS under no-till.

中文翻译：

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通过巴西塞拉多免耕作物-畜牧业综合系统施肥策略提高土壤质量和粮食产量

该研究旨在评估巴西塞拉多农牧综合系统（ICLS）中施氮肥和施氮肥的磷钾肥策略对土壤质量和作物产量的影响。这些处理包括各种施肥策略，例如在种植阶段（常规施肥）或放牧阶段（系统施肥）施用磷和钾，在放牧阶段施氮肥或不施氮肥。实验开始两年后，从 0-10 厘米层收集土壤样本，并在作物周期结束时测定大豆产量。土壤碳（C）储量基本上不受不同施肥策略的影响。然而，与其他处理相比，当牧场使用常规施肥和 0 千克公顷氮时，土壤氮 (N) 储量以及微生物生物量中的碳和氮含量较低。传统施肥和牧场施氮量为 0 千克公顷时，酶活性也会降低。与常规施肥情况下 0 公斤公顷氮相比，100 公斤公顷的 和 的分数更高，分别增加了 22% 和 18%。对于与 相关的土壤功能，处理之间没有差异。在0公斤公顷施氮组内，系统施肥比常规施肥分别增产12%和24%。 100 公斤公顷施氮量 (0.83) 的土壤质量指数 (SQI) 高于 0 公斤公顷施氮量 (0.77)，增加了 8%。与常规施肥0千克公顷相比，系统施肥的大豆产量提高了3%，施氮量为100千克公顷的大豆产量提高了7%。综上所述，即使在短期内，采取系统施肥策略并施用氮肥在免耕条件下，牧场有利于 ICLS 中的大豆产量。